Intel Foundry and 18A: From IDM 2.0 to a Government-Owned Stake
Tech industryIntelSemiconductor manufacturing

Intel began its IDM 2.0 strategy in 2021 by keeping manufacturing in house, building Arizona capacity and offering contract manufacturing through Intel Foundry Services. It set a five-nodes-in-four-years roadmap that culminated in Intel 18A, then relaunched the operation as Intel Foundry in 2024 with Microsoft and later AWS commitments for 18A designs. Intel has since brought 18A into high-volume production at Arizona Fab 52, while cutting the planned Germany and Poland fabs, slowing Ohio, and converting unpaid CHIPS Act grants into a passive 9.9% U.S. government stake. The central unresolved issue is whether Intel can secure meaningful outside demand for 14A—despite its commitment to finish development and Terafab's stated plan to use it—while funding and building the capacity needed to compete as an external foundry.
Key moments
- Mar 23, 2021Gelsinger announces IDM 2.0: two Arizona fabs for about US$20 billion and a standalone Intel Foundry Services
- Jul 26, 2021Intel Accelerated: five nodes in four years, ending with Intel 18A in 2025
- Feb 21, 2024Intel Foundry launched as a systems foundry; Intel 14A unveiled; Microsoft commits a design to 18A
- Sep 16, 2024Intel Foundry to become an independent subsidiary; AWS signs on for 18A; Germany and Poland paused two years
- Nov 26, 2024CHIPS award finalised at US$7.86 billion, below the proposed US$8.5 billion
- Jul 24, 2025Intel cancels Germany and Poland fabs, slows Ohio, and makes 14A conditional on an outside customer
- Aug 22, 2025US government takes a 9.9 percent stake in Intel for US$8.9 billion, funded from unpaid CHIPS grants
- Oct 9, 2025Panther Lake unveiled as the first 18A product; high-volume production at Fab 52 in Arizona
- Apr 22, 2026Musk says Terafab plans to use Intel 14A
- Jun 2026Intel commits to complete Intel 14A development
- Oct 21, 2026Intel says Fab 62 construction and tool installation are underway
In numbers
Data and sources (3 points)
| Date | CHIPS Act direct funding for Intel | Entry |
|---|---|---|
| Mar 20, 2024 | $8.5B | Commerce proposes up to US$8.5 billion in CHIPS Act funding for Intel, plus up to US$11 billion in loans |
| Nov 26, 2024 | $7.86B | CHIPS award finalised at US$7.86 billion, below the proposed US$8.5 billion |
| Aug 22, 2025 | $5.7B | US government takes a 9.9 percent stake in Intel for US$8.9 billion, funded from unpaid CHIPS grants |
Timeline
Earlier years show only their entries' dates and titles. Click a year heading to show the details.
202621 entries
- Update
Ohio One gets its first major truss, on a site Intel had pushed to 2030

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel said the first major structural truss had been installed on the first fab at its Ohio One site in New Albany, and CNBC reported that the next stage of construction "has finally begun". Intel delayed Ohio One Mod 1 completion to 2030 in February 2025 and slowed the site again that July, so this is physical progress on the part of the build that had stopped moving.
- Intel · Oct 21, 2026 ·
We’re also making progress in Ohio, where the first major structural truss has been installed on the first fab in New Albany.
- CNBC · Oct 21, 2026 ·
On Wednesday, Intel announced that crews have installed the first major structural truss in Ohio, which means the next part of the construction has finally begun.
Editor's note: Intel’s page states that the first major structural truss was installed on the first fab in New Albany and identifies the site as Ohio One. CNBC reports that Intel announced the installation on Oct. 21, 2026, and says it marked the beginning of the next part of construction.
- Intel · Oct 21, 2026 ·
- AnnouncementKey moment
Intel says Fab 62 construction and tool installation are underway

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel said construction and production-tool installation at Fab 62 in Arizona were fully underway. Intel expected the facility to begin operations by the end of 2028.
- Intel · Oct 21, 2026 ·
Today, I am pleased to share that construction and tool installation at Fab 62 are now fully underway, and we expect operations to begin by the end of 2028.
- Tom’s Hardware · Oct 21, 2026 ·
Intel on Wednesday announced that it had started installing production tools at its Fab 62 in Arizona, and the fab is on track for mass production by late 2028.
Editor's note: Both cited pages state that Fab 62 construction and tool installation are underway and that operations are expected by the end of 2028. Neither readable page text gives a calendar date that verifies the node date of 2026-10-21.
- Intel · Oct 21, 2026 ·
- Response
Tan says Intel will continue Terafab involvement
Intel CEO Lip-Bu Tan said Intel would continue its involvement in Terafab. Bloomberg reported the statement before an Intel event in Tokyo.
- Bloomberg via Moneycontrol · Oct 7, 2026 ·
Intel will continue its involvement in Terafab, Tan told Bloomberg prior to an event in Tokyo commemorating the US company’s 50th year of operations in Japan.
Editor's note: The cited Moneycontrol/Bloomberg page states that Intel CEO Lip-Bu Tan said Intel would continue its involvement in Terafab and that he told Bloomberg before an event in Tokyo. The page is dated October 7, 2026 and identifies Tan in Tokyo on October 7.
- Bloomberg via Moneycontrol · Oct 7, 2026 ·
- Report
SemiAnalysis finds similar density for Panther Lake 18A and TSMC N3E logic
SemiAnalysis reported that its measurements found similar logic density between Panther Lake’s Intel 18A compute logic and TSMC N3E GPU logic. Notebookcheck reported the same SemiAnalysis finding.
- SemiAnalysis · Sep 26, 2026 ·
Our measurements put Panther Lake’s 18A compute logic and TSMC N3E GPU logic at similar logic density.
- Notebookcheck · Sep 27, 2026 ·
SemiAnalysis measured Panther Lake’s 18A compute logic and found that it has roughly the same density as the GPU logic manufactured on TSMC’s N3E process.
Editor's note: The page states that its measurements put Panther Lake’s 18A compute logic and TSMC N3E GPU logic at similar logic density. It is dated Sep 26, 2026, matching the node date.
- SemiAnalysis · Sep 26, 2026 ·
- Report
Intel Foundry chief expects Intel 14A within 5% of TSMC A14 performance
Tom’s Hardware reported that Intel Foundry chief Naga Chandrasekaran told KeyBanc that Intel 14A was expected to deliver performance within 5% of TSMC A14. The report did not specify whether Intel 14A was expected to be faster or slower than TSMC A14.
- Tom’s Hardware · Sep 25, 2026 ·
Intel's 14A (1.4nm-class) process technology is expected to deliver performance 'within 5%' of TSMC's A14 (1.4nm-class) production node, Naga Chandrasekaran, the chief technology and operations officer as well as general manager of Intel Foundry, told investment banking firm KeyBanc (via @Alex_Intel).
Editor's note: The article explicitly says Naga Chandrasekaran told KeyBanc that Intel 14A should be "within 5%" of TSMC A14, and explains that this does not indicate which node would be faster. The readable page text does not provide a publication or event date supporting 2026-09-25.
- Tom’s Hardware · Sep 25, 2026 ·
- Report
Intel Penang packaging facility scheduled to begin operations in 2026
Tech Wire Asia reported that Intel’s new advanced-packaging facility in Penang was scheduled to begin operations in 2026. The report cited Lee Wei Chern, Intel Foundry vice president and Intel Malaysia managing director, as saying the facility would expand Malaysian capabilities in advanced packaging, assembly, test, research and design.
- Tech Wire Asia · Sep 24, 2026 ·
“Intel’s new advanced packaging facility in Penang, scheduled to begin operations this year, will expand the company’s manufacturing capabilities in Malaysia.”
- Intel Newsroom · Sep 16, 2024 ·
“We plan to complete the construction of our new advanced packaging factory in Malaysia but will align the startup with market conditions and increased utilization of our existing capacity.”
Editor's note: The page states that Intel’s Penang advanced-packaging facility was scheduled to begin operations “this year” and quotes Lee Wei Chern saying it would expand capabilities across advanced packaging, assembly, test, research and design. The article is dated 2026-09-24, but it does not state that facility operations would begin on that specific date.
- Tech Wire Asia · Sep 24, 2026 ·
- Response
SK hynix says no decision has been made on reported Intel scenarios
SK hynix said no decisions had been made regarding the two scenarios reported in the article. The statement addressed reported possible arrangements involving Intel and U.S. memory-chip production.
- SK hynix Newsroom · Sep 16, 2026 ·
No decisions have been made regarding the two scenarios mentioned in the article.
responded to Reuters reports possible SK hynix use of Intel's Ohio facility. responded to Reuters reports SK hynix and Intel held U.S. memory manufacturing talks on HBM Supply Race: SK hynix, Samsung and Micron from HBM3E to HBM4E.
Editor's note: The page states that no decisions had been made regarding the two reported scenarios and clarifies that nothing was finalized concerning Intel or U.S. memory-chip production. It identifies the underlying report as published on September 16, 2026.
- SK hynix Newsroom · Sep 16, 2026 ·
- Report
Reuters reports possible SK hynix use of Intel's Ohio facility
Reuters reported exploratory discussions between SK hynix and Intel about possible U.S. memory-chip manufacturing using Intel's Ohio site. One potential scenario described by Reuters' sources was for SK hynix to lease part of Intel's planned Ohio chipmaking facility.
- Reuters, via MarketScreener · Sep 16, 2026 ·
Under one potential scenario, SK Hynix would lease part of Intel's long-planned chipmaking facility in Ohio, they said.
was answered by SK hynix says no decision has been made on reported Intel scenarios. was answered by SK hynix says no U.S. memory-production plan or arrangement is finalized on HBM Supply Race: SK hynix, Samsung and Micron from HBM3E to HBM4E.
Editor's note: The Reuters article says SK Hynix was in exploratory talks with Intel regarding U.S. memory-chip manufacturing and specifically describes a scenario in which it would lease part of Intel's planned Ohio facility. It is published on 2026-09-16 and datelined September 16.
- Reuters, via MarketScreener · Sep 16, 2026 ·
- Report
Intel Foundry and ASML report one million High-NA EUV wafers

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel Foundry and ASML reported that High-NA EUV had processed more than one million wafers cumulatively. Intel said the total included tool certification, research and development, and production on select Panther Lake layers. Intel said overlay, throughput, and availability met its expectations.
- Intel Newsroom · Sep 7, 2026 ·
Overlay, throughput and availability are meeting Intel Foundry's expectations.
- Tom’s Hardware · Sep 8, 2026 ·
Intel's one million wafers figure includes wafers processed during tool installation and certification, R&D, and production.
Editor's note: The page states that more than one million wafers had been processed across tool certification/testing, R&D, and volume production on select Panther Lake layers. It gives the event date as September 7, 2026 and says overlay, throughput, and availability are meeting Intel Foundry's expectations.
- Intel Newsroom · Sep 7, 2026 ·
- Financial
Intel raises US$20 billion in a stock offering priced at US$95 a share
Intel priced an underwritten public offering of 210,526,315 shares at US$95 each, raising US$20 billion after upsizing the deal from the US$15 billion announced two days earlier. The price is more than four times the US$20.47 the U.S. government paid per share in August 2025.
- Intel Newsroom · Aug 12, 2026 ·
Intel priced the underwritten public offering of 210,526,315 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $95 per share.
- Intel Newsroom · Aug 10, 2026 ·
Intel Corporation (Nasdaq: INTC) today announced a $15 billion underwritten public offering of common stock.
Editor's note: Both Intel newsroom releases (Aug 10 and Aug 12, 2026) fetched and quoted directly.
- Intel Newsroom · Aug 12, 2026 ·
- Update
Intel Foundry completes the RAMP-C program
Intel Foundry announced completion of the Rapid Assured Microelectronics Prototypes - Commercial program. The announcement identified the program as RAMP-C.
- Intel Newsroom · Jul 28, 2026 ·
Intel Foundry has completed the Rapid Assured Microelectronics Prototypes - Commercial (RAMP-C) program.
Editor's note: The Intel page states that Intel Foundry completed the Rapid Assured Microelectronics Prototypes - Commercial (RAMP-C) program and contains the quoted sentence. It is dated July 28, 2026.
- Intel Newsroom · Jul 28, 2026 ·
- Financial
Intel Foundry segment revenue reaches US$5.8 billion, up 31 percent
Second-quarter 2026 results showed Intel Foundry segment revenue of US$5.8 billion, up 31 percent from a year earlier, against total company revenue of US$16.1 billion. Segment revenue includes wafers made for Intel's own product groups, so the figure measures foundry activity rather than external customer sales.
- Intel Q2 2026 results (SEC exhibit) · Jul 23, 2026 ·
Intel Foundry 5.8 billion up 31%
Editor's note: Figures taken from the segment table in the Q2 2026 earnings release filed with the SEC on July 23, 2026.
- Intel Q2 2026 results (SEC exhibit) · Jul 23, 2026 ·
- Announcement
Intel and Fortinet collaborate on Security Processor 6
Intel and Fortinet announced a strategic collaboration to develop Fortinet Security Processor 6. The announcement identified the product as SP6.
- Intel Newsroom · Jul 21, 2026 ·
Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC) and Fortinet (NASDAQ: FTNT), today announced a strategic collaboration to develop Fortinet Security Processor 6 (SP6).
Editor's note: The page states that Intel and Fortinet announced a strategic collaboration to develop Fortinet Security Processor 6 (SP6). It is dated July 21, 2026, matching the node date.
- Intel Newsroom · Jul 21, 2026 ·
- Announcement
Intel Foundry establishes advanced packaging as a focused business

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel said it was establishing advanced packaging as a focused Intel Foundry business. The business would have dedicated leadership.
- Intel Newsroom · Jun 18, 2026 ·
As part of the continued evolution of the Intel Foundry strategy, the company is establishing advanced packaging as a focused business with dedicated leadership.
Editor's note: The Intel page states that the company is establishing advanced packaging as a focused Intel Foundry business with dedicated leadership. It is dated June 18, 2026.
- Intel Newsroom · Jun 18, 2026 ·
- Update
Intel 18A-P enters risk production

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel Foundry said Intel 18A-P entered risk production. Intel described 18A-P as the first performance enhancement in the Intel 18A family.
- Intel Newsroom · Jun 16, 2026 ·
It shared that Intel 18A-P, the first performance enhancement in the Intel 18A family, has entered risk production, meeting the timeline first shared with customers and partners last year.
Editor's note: The Intel page states that Intel 18A-P, described as the first performance enhancement in the Intel 18A family, entered risk production. It is dated June 16, 2026.
- Intel Newsroom · Jun 16, 2026 ·
- AnnouncementKey moment
Intel commits to complete Intel 14A development
Intel committed during the second quarter of 2026 to complete development of Intel 14A. Intel said future products were designed to use the node and manufacturing-expansion projects were underway.
- Intel Form 10-Q for quarter ended 2026-06-27 · Jul 2026 ·
During Q2 2026, we committed to completing development of Intel 14A, with a number of future Intel products designed to utilize the node and manufacturing expansion projects underway for production of products on the node.
responded to Intel cancels Germany and Poland fabs, slows Ohio, and makes 14A conditional on an outside customer.
Editor's note: The filing states that during Q2 2026 Intel committed to completing development of Intel 14A, with future Intel products designed for the node and manufacturing-expansion projects underway. The reported quarter ended June 27, 2026, which supports the node date of 2026-06.
- Intel Form 10-Q for quarter ended 2026-06-27 · Jul 2026 ·
- AnnouncementKey moment
Musk says Terafab plans to use Intel 14A
Elon Musk said Terafab planned to use Intel's 14A process. Tom’s Hardware reported that the plan was for use when Terafab had production capacity and the process had matured.
- Stock Analysis, Tesla Q1 2026 earnings-call transcript · Apr 22, 2026 ·
We plan to use Intel's 14A process, which is state-of-the-art and in fact, not yet totally complete.
- Tom’s Hardware · Apr 23, 2026 ·
Elon Musk on Wednesday said that TeraFab plans to use Intel's 14A fabrication technology when it has its own production capacity later this decade and when the manufacturing process matures.
Editor's note: Both cited pages support that Musk said TeraFab planned to use Intel’s 14A process. Tom’s Hardware also states the conditions that TeraFab have its own production capacity later in the decade and that 14A mature.
- Stock Analysis, Tesla Q1 2026 earnings-call transcript · Apr 22, 2026 ·
- Financial
Intel becomes sole owner of the Fab 34 joint venture
Intel completed the repurchase of Apollo's interest in the Fab 34 joint venture. Intel owned 100% of the joint venture after the repurchase.
- Intel Form 8-K · Apr 8, 2026 ·
Intel owns 100% of the joint venture following the repurchase.
Editor's note: The filing states that on April 8, 2026, Intel repurchased Apollo-managed funds' and affiliates' 49% interest in the Fab 34 joint venture. It also states that Intel owns 100% of the joint venture following the repurchase.
- Intel Form 8-K · Apr 8, 2026 ·
- Announcement
Intel joins the Terafab project
Intel announced it had joined the Terafab project alongside SpaceX, xAI and Tesla. An Intel filing later described Intel as a strategic Terafab partner.
- Tom’s Hardware · Apr 7, 2026 ·
Intel is proud to join the Terafab project with SpaceX, xAI, and Tesla to help refactor silicon fab technology
- Intel Corporation Form 8-K · Apr 23, 2026 ·
Intel joined the Terafab project as a strategic partner alongside SpaceX, xAI, and Tesla.
- Intel · Apr 23, 2026 ·
We recently announced our partnership with SpaceX, xAI and Tesla to support Terafab.
Editor's note: Source 1 reports Intel's April 7, 2026 announcement that it joined Terafab with SpaceX, xAI, and Tesla. Source 2, an April 23, 2026 Intel 8-K attachment, later describes Intel as a strategic Terafab partner alongside those companies. Official source added: https://download.intel.com/newsroom/2026/earnings/1Q2026-Earnings-Call.pdf
- Tom’s Hardware · Apr 7, 2026 ·
- Announcement
Intel agrees to repurchase Apollo's Fab 34 venture stake
Intel and Apollo agreed that Intel would repurchase the 49% interest in the Fab 34 joint venture that Intel did not own. The agreed purchase price was US$14.2 billion.
- Intel Newsroom · Apr 1, 2026 ·
Intel Corporation (Nasdaq: INTC) and Apollo (NYSE: APO) today announced a definitive agreement for Intel to repurchase the 49% equity interest in the joint venture related to Intel’s Fab 34 in Ireland not held by Intel for $14.2 billion.
Editor's note: The Intel newsroom page states that Intel and Apollo agreed for Intel to repurchase Apollo's 49% Fab 34 joint-venture interest for $14.2 billion. It is dated April 1, 2026, and contains the quoted sentence.
- Intel Newsroom · Apr 1, 2026 ·
- Launch
Intel unveils Core Ultra Series 3 built on Intel 18A

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel unveiled Core Ultra Series 3 processors at CES. Intel described the processors as its first AI PC platform built on Intel 18A and designed and manufactured in the United States.
- Intel Newsroom · Jan 5, 2026 ·
Today at CES, Intel unveiled Intel Core Ultra Series 3 processors, the first AI PC platform built on Intel 18A process technology that was designed and manufactured in the United States.
Editor's note: The page states that Intel unveiled Intel Core Ultra Series 3 at CES and describes it as the first AI PC platform built on Intel 18A process technology designed and manufactured in the United States. It is dated January 5, 2026.
- Intel Newsroom · Jan 5, 2026 ·
20259 entries
- LaunchKey moment
Panther Lake unveiled as the first 18A product; high-volume production at Fab 52 in Arizona

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel detailed the Core Ultra series 3 processor, code-named Panther Lake, the first product on Intel 18A, and said it would ramp high-volume production at Fab 52 in Chandler, Arizona, with the first SKU shipping before the end of 2025 and broad availability from January 2026.
- Intel Newsroom · Oct 9, 2025 ·
Panther Lake will begin ramping high-volume production this year, with the first SKU slated to ship before the end of the year and broad market availability starting January 2026.
- Intel Newsroom · Oct 9, 2025 ·
- Announcement
Nvidia invests US$5 billion in Intel; the two will build custom x86 CPUs and RTX-based PC chips
Nvidia agreed to buy US$5 billion of Intel stock at US$23.28 a share. Intel will build Nvidia-custom x86 CPUs for Nvidia's data center platforms and x86 system-on-chips with Nvidia RTX GPU chiplets for PCs, connected with NVLink.
- Intel Newsroom · Sep 18, 2025 ·
For data centers, Intel will build NVIDIA-custom x86 CPUs that NVIDIA will integrate into its AI infrastructure platforms and offer to the market.
- Intel Newsroom · Sep 18, 2025 ·
- FinancialKey moment
US government takes a 9.9 percent stake in Intel for US$8.9 billion, funded from unpaid CHIPS grants
Intel agreed to sell the U.S. government 433.3 million new shares at US$20.47 each, a 9.9 percent stake, paid for with US$5.7 billion of CHIPS Act grants that had been awarded but not disbursed and US$3.2 billion from the Secure Enclave program. The stake is passive, with no board seat.
- Intel Newsroom · Aug 22, 2025 ·
Under the terms of today’s announcement, the government agrees to purchase 433.3 million primary shares of Intel common stock at a price of $20.47 per share, equivalent to a 9.9 percent stake in the company.
- Intel Newsroom · Aug 22, 2025 ·
- AnnouncementKey moment
Intel cancels Germany and Poland fabs, slows Ohio, and makes 14A conditional on an outside customer
With second-quarter 2025 results Intel said it would no longer proceed with the planned fabs in Germany and Poland and would slow construction in Ohio to match demand. Its quarterly filing added that without a significant external customer for 14A it might pause or discontinue that node and successor nodes.
- Intel Q2 2025 results (SEC exhibit) · Jul 24, 2025 ·
As part of this effort, Intel will no longer move forward with planned projects in Germany and Poland.
contradicts Intel Foundry to become an independent subsidiary; AWS signs on for 18A; Germany and Poland paused two years. result of Lip-Bu Tan appointed Intel CEO. was answered by Intel commits to complete Intel 14A development.
- Intel Q2 2025 results (SEC exhibit) · Jul 24, 2025 ·
- Update
Fab 52 processes its first Intel 18A wafer
Fab 52 in Arizona processed its first wafer through the facility. Intel said the wafer was an Intel 18A wafer.
- Intel Newsroom · Apr 29, 2025 ·
Fab 52 in Arizona has successfully “run the lot,” marking the first wafer processed through the facility, demonstrating progress in domestic manufacturing of leading-edge Intel 18A wafers.
Editor's note: The Intel page states that Fab 52 in Arizona had successfully “run the lot,” marking the first wafer processed through the facility and demonstrating progress for leading-edge Intel 18A wafers. The page is dated April 29, 2025.
- Intel Newsroom · Apr 29, 2025 ·
- Announcement
Intel Foundry engages lead customers on Intel 14A

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel Foundry said it had engaged lead customers on its Intel 14A process technology. Intel described 14A as the successor to Intel 18A.
- Intel Newsroom · Apr 29, 2025 ·
Intel Foundry has engaged with lead customers on the Intel 14A process technology, the successor to Intel 18A.
Editor's note: The page states that Intel Foundry engaged lead customers on Intel 14A and explicitly calls it the successor to Intel 18A. It is dated April 29, 2025.
- Intel Newsroom · Apr 29, 2025 ·
- Announcement
Lip-Bu Tan appointed Intel CEO

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel's board appointed Lip-Bu Tan, former CEO of Cadence Design Systems, as chief executive effective March 18, 2025, succeeding the interim co-CEOs.
- Intel Newsroom · Mar 12, 2025 ·
Intel Corporation (Nasdaq: INTC) today announced that its board of directors has appointed Lip-Bu Tan, an accomplished technology leader with deep semiconductor industry experience, as chief executive officer, effective March 18.
led to Intel cancels Germany and Poland fabs, slows Ohio, and makes 14A conditional on an outside customer.
- Intel Newsroom · Mar 12, 2025 ·
- Delay
Intel delays Ohio One Mod 1 completion to 2030

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel said it planned to complete Ohio One Mod 1 construction in 2030. It said operations would begin between 2030 and 2031.
- Intel Newsroom · Feb 28, 2025 ·
Specifically, we now plan to complete construction of Mod 1 in 2030 and begin operations between 2030 and 2031.
Editor's note: The Intel page is dated February 28, 2025, and states that Mod 1 construction is planned for completion in 2030, with operations beginning between 2030 and 2031. The quoted sentence appears on the page.
- Intel Newsroom · Feb 28, 2025 ·
- Announcement
Intel Foundry adds two customers to RAMP-C phase three

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel Foundry added Trusted Semiconductor Solutions and Reliable MicroSystems to the third phase of RAMP-C. The customers were added under the Trusted & Assured Microelectronics Program.
- Intel Newsroom · Jan 17, 2025 ·
Intel Foundry has announced the onboarding of new defense industrial base (DIB) customers, Trusted Semiconductor Solutions and Reliable MicroSystems, as part of the third phase of the Rapid Assured Microelectronics Prototypes - Commercial (RAMP-C) efforts under the Trusted & Assured Microelectronics (T&AM) Program in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (OUSD(R&E)).
Editor's note: The Intel Newsroom page states that Trusted Semiconductor Solutions and Reliable MicroSystems were onboarded as new DIB customers in the third phase of RAMP-C under the T&AM Program. It is dated January 17, 2025, and the quoted text appears on the page.
- Intel Newsroom · Jan 17, 2025 ·
- Oct 9, 2025Panther Lake unveiled as the first 18A product; high-volume production at Fab 52 in Arizona
- Sep 18, 2025Nvidia invests US$5 billion in Intel; the two will build custom x86 CPUs and RTX-based PC chips
- Aug 22, 2025US government takes a 9.9 percent stake in Intel for US$8.9 billion, funded from unpaid CHIPS grants
- Jul 24, 2025Intel cancels Germany and Poland fabs, slows Ohio, and makes 14A conditional on an outside customer
- Apr 29, 2025Fab 52 processes its first Intel 18A wafer
- Apr 29, 2025Intel Foundry engages lead customers on Intel 14A
- Mar 12, 2025Lip-Bu Tan appointed Intel CEO
- Feb 28, 2025Intel delays Ohio One Mod 1 completion to 2030
- Jan 17, 2025Intel Foundry adds two customers to RAMP-C phase three
20246 entries
- Announcement
Pat Gelsinger retires; two interim co-CEOs take over
Intel said Gelsinger had retired and left the board effective December 1, 2024, and named CFO David Zinsner and product chief Michelle Johnston Holthaus as interim co-chief executives while the board searched for a successor.
- Intel Newsroom · Dec 2, 2024 ·
Intel has named two senior leaders, David Zinsner and Michelle (MJ) Johnston Holthaus, as interim co-chief executive officers while the board of directors conducts a search for a new CEO.
- Intel Newsroom · Dec 2, 2024 ·
- RegulatoryKey moment
CHIPS award finalised at US$7.86 billion, below the proposed US$8.5 billion

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel and the Commerce Department finalised the CHIPS Act award at up to US$7.86 billion in direct funding for the Arizona, New Mexico, Ohio and Oregon projects, reduced from the March preliminary figure.
- Intel Newsroom (archive) · Nov 26, 2024 ·
has awarded Intel up to $7.86 billion in direct funding
- Intel Corporation · Nov 26, 2024 ·
Intel Corporation and the Biden-Harris Administration announced today that the U.S. Department of Commerce and Intel have reached agreement on terms to award the company up to $7.86 billion in direct funding for its commercial semiconductor manufacturing projects under the U.S. CHIPS and Science Act.
Editor's note: Official source added: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-chips-act.html
- Intel Newsroom (archive) · Nov 26, 2024 ·
- AnnouncementKey moment
Intel Foundry to become an independent subsidiary; AWS signs on for 18A; Germany and Poland paused two years

Image: Intel Corporation · source After a loss-making quarter and job cuts, Gelsinger said Intel would set up Intel Foundry as an independent subsidiary inside Intel, expand its collaboration with Amazon Web Services including an AI fabric chip on 18A, and pause its planned fabs in Germany and Poland by about two years.
- Intel Newsroom · Sep 16, 2024 ·
To build on our progress, we plan to establish Intel Foundry as an independent subsidiary inside of Intel.
is contradicted by Intel cancels Germany and Poland fabs, slows Ohio, and makes 14A conditional on an outside customer.
- Intel Newsroom · Sep 16, 2024 ·
- Announcement
Intel 18A powers on first client and server chips; PDK 1.0 released to customers

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel said the first 18A products, the Panther Lake client chip and Clearwater Forest server chip, had powered on and were healthy, that 18A remained on track for production in 2025, and that the 18A Process Design Kit 1.0 had been released in July so outside customers could start designs.
- Intel Newsroom · Aug 6, 2024 ·
Intel 18A powered on and healthy, on track for next-gen client and server chip production next year.
- Intel Newsroom · Aug 6, 2024 ·
- Regulatory
Commerce proposes up to US$8.5 billion in CHIPS Act funding for Intel, plus up to US$11 billion in loans
Intel and the Biden administration announced preliminary terms for up to US$8.5 billion in direct CHIPS Act funding for projects in Arizona, New Mexico, Ohio and Oregon, eligibility for federal loans of up to US$11 billion, and an investment tax credit on more than US$100 billion of qualified investment.
- Intel Newsroom · Mar 20, 2024 ·
has proposed up to $8.5 billion in direct funding through the CHIPS and Science Act to advance Intel’s commercial semiconductor projects in Arizona, New Mexico, Ohio and Oregon.
- Intel Newsroom · Mar 20, 2024 ·
- AnnouncementKey moment
Intel Foundry launched as a systems foundry; Intel 14A unveiled; Microsoft commits a design to 18A
At its first Foundry Direct Connect event Intel relaunched the business as Intel Foundry, combining technology development, manufacturing and foundry services, unveiled the 14A node beyond 18A, and had Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella say Microsoft had chosen a design to be built on Intel 18A.
- Intel Newsroom (archive) · Feb 21, 2024 ·
Intel also unveiled its new process roadmap featuring Intel 14A, an all-new process node, and a range of process node evolutions designed for foundry customers.
- Intel Newsroom · Feb 21, 2024 ·
During Pat Gelsinger’s keynote, Microsoft Chairman and CEO Satya Nadella stated that Microsoft has chosen a chip design it plans to produce on the Intel 18A process.
Editor's note: Official source added: https://newsroom.intel.com/artificial-intelligence/foundry-news-roadmaps-updates
- Intel Newsroom (archive) · Feb 21, 2024 ·
- Dec 2, 2024Pat Gelsinger retires; two interim co-CEOs take over
- Nov 26, 2024CHIPS award finalised at US$7.86 billion, below the proposed US$8.5 billion
- Sep 16, 2024Intel Foundry to become an independent subsidiary; AWS signs on for 18A; Germany and Poland paused two years
- Aug 6, 2024Intel 18A powers on first client and server chips; PDK 1.0 released to customers
- Mar 20, 2024Commerce proposes up to US$8.5 billion in CHIPS Act funding for Intel, plus up to US$11 billion in loans
- Feb 21, 2024Intel Foundry launched as a systems foundry; Intel 14A unveiled; Microsoft commits a design to 18A
20232 entries
- Financial
Intel sets internal-foundry model for first quarter of 2024

Image: Intel Corporation · source Intel said a new manufacturing group segment would be included in reportable P&Ls beginning in the first quarter of 2024. The segment would include manufacturing, technology development, and Intel Foundry Services.
- Intel Newsroom · Jun 21, 2023 ·
Beginning in Q1 2024, the reportable P&Ls will include a new manufacturing group segment – inclusive of manufacturing, technology development and Intel Foundry Services (IFS) – along with the company’s product groups – Client Computing, Data Center and AI, Network and Edge, and All Other.
Editor's note: The Intel page is dated June 21, 2023 and states that, beginning in Q1 2024, reportable P&Ls would include a new manufacturing group segment covering manufacturing, technology development, and Intel Foundry Services. The quoted text appears on the page.
- Intel Newsroom · Jun 21, 2023 ·
- Announcement
Intel and Germany agree expanded Magdeburg fab investment
Intel and the German federal government signed a revised letter of intent for two fabs in Magdeburg. Intel said the investment was expected to exceed €30 billion and would receive increased government incentives.
- Intel Newsroom · Jun 19, 2023 ·
The agreement encompasses Intel’s expanded investment in the site, now expected to be more than 30 billion euros for two first-of-a-kind semiconductor facilities (also known as “fabs”) in Europe, along with increased government support that includes incentives, reflecting the expanded scope and change in economic conditions since the site was first announced.
Editor's note: The Intel Newsroom page states that Intel and the German federal government signed a revised letter of intent for the Magdeburg site, with investment expected to exceed €30 billion and increased government incentives. It is dated June 19, 2023, and the quoted text appears on the page.
- Intel Newsroom · Jun 19, 2023 ·
- Jun 21, 2023Intel sets internal-foundry model for first quarter of 2024
- Jun 19, 2023Intel and Germany agree expanded Magdeburg fab investment
20214 entries
- Update
Intel breaks ground on Fab 52 and Fab 62 in Arizona
Intel held a groundbreaking ceremony for Fab 52 and Fab 62 at its Ocotillo campus in Chandler, Arizona. Intel put the two-fab project cost at $20 billion.
- Intel Newsroom · Nov 26, 2024 ·
Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger was joined by government and community leaders on Sept. 24, 2021, for a groundbreaking ceremony on the factories: Fab 52 and Fab 62.
Editor's note: The page states that Pat Gelsinger joined government and community leaders on Sept. 24, 2021, for the Fab 52 and Fab 62 groundbreaking at Intel's Ocotillo campus in Chandler, Arizona. It also states the project price tag was $20 billion.
- Intel Newsroom · Nov 26, 2024 ·
- Regulatory
Defense Department awards Intel phase-one RAMP-C agreement

Image: Intel Corporation · source The U.S. Department of Defense awarded Intel an agreement for the first phase of the RAMP-C program. Intel Foundry Services was designated to lead the work.
- Intel Newsroom · Aug 23, 2021 ·
The U.S. Department of Defense, through the NSTXL consortium-based S2MARTS OTA, has awarded Intel an agreement to provide commercial foundry services in the first phase of its multi-phase Rapid Assured Microelectronics Prototypes - Commercial (RAMP-C) program.
Editor's note: The Intel page states that the Department of Defense awarded Intel an agreement for the first phase of RAMP-C and that Intel Foundry Services would lead the work. It is dated August 23, 2021, and contains the quoted text.
- Intel Newsroom · Aug 23, 2021 ·
- AnnouncementKey moment
Intel Accelerated: five nodes in four years, ending with Intel 18A in 2025
Intel published a process roadmap renaming its nodes Intel 7, Intel 4, Intel 3, Intel 20A and Intel 18A, introducing RibbonFET gate-all-around transistors and PowerVia backside power at 20A, and targeting 18A for 2025, the plan later summarised as five nodes in four years.
- Intel Newsroom (fact sheet) · Jul 26, 2021 ·
Intel today unveiled one of the most detailed process technology roadmaps that the company has ever provided, showcasing breakthrough technologies that will power its products through 2025 and beyond.
- Intel Newsroom (fact sheet) · Jul 26, 2021 ·
- AnnouncementKey moment
Gelsinger announces IDM 2.0: two Arizona fabs for about US$20 billion and a standalone Intel Foundry Services
In his first strategy event as CEO, Pat Gelsinger said Intel would keep manufacturing in house, expand capacity starting with roughly US$20 billion for two new fabs in Arizona, use outside foundries for some products, and create Intel Foundry Services as a standalone unit to make chips for others.
- Intel press release (SEC exhibit) · Mar 23, 2021 ·
Announcing manufacturing expansion plans; beginning with ~$20 billion investment to build two new fabs in Arizona
- Intel press release (SEC exhibit) · Mar 23, 2021 ·
- Sep 24, 2021Intel breaks ground on Fab 52 and Fab 62 in Arizona
- Aug 23, 2021Defense Department awards Intel phase-one RAMP-C agreement
- Jul 26, 2021Intel Accelerated: five nodes in four years, ending with Intel 18A in 2025
- Mar 23, 2021Gelsinger announces IDM 2.0: two Arizona fabs for about US$20 billion and a standalone Intel Foundry Services
Questions this timeline answers
Each one is an ordered set of dated entries, most of them from this page, with a line on why each step led to the next.
Cause and effect
- Intel Foundry to become an independent subsidiary; AWS signs on for 18A; Germany and Poland paused two yearsis contradicted by →Intel cancels Germany and Poland fabs, slows Ohio, and makes 14A conditional on an outside customerA two-year pause on Germany and Poland became a cancellation.
- Lip-Bu Tan appointed Intel CEOled to →Intel cancels Germany and Poland fabs, slows Ohio, and makes 14A conditional on an outside customerTan's first full quarter brought the cancellations and the 14A condition.
- Intel cancels Germany and Poland fabs, slows Ohio, and makes 14A conditional on an outside customerwas answered by →Intel commits to complete Intel 14A developmentAfter Intel made 14A conditional on an external customer in July 2025, Intel said it committed during Q2 2026 to complete 14A development.
- Reuters reports possible SK hynix use of Intel's Ohio facilitywas answered by →SK hynix says no decision has been made on reported Intel scenariosSK hynix's statement answered the Reuters-reported scenarios by saying that no decisions had been made regarding them.
- Reuters reports SK hynix and Intel held U.S. memory manufacturing talks on HBM Supply Race: SK hynix, Samsung and Micron from HBM3E to HBM4Ewas answered by →SK hynix says no decision has been made on reported Intel scenariosAfter Reuters reported exploratory discussions for SK hynix to manufacture memory chips using Intel's Ohio site, SK hynix said no decisions had been made on the reported scenarios.
- Reuters reports possible SK hynix use of Intel's Ohio facilitywas answered by →SK hynix says no U.S. memory-production plan or arrangement is finalized on HBM Supply Race: SK hynix, Samsung and Micron from HBM3E to HBM4EAfter Reuters reported exploratory Intel–SK hynix discussions about U.S. memory-chip manufacturing, SK hynix said no specific U.S. memory-production plan or arrangement had been finalized.
Where sources disagree or fall silent
- Whether Terafab's stated plan to use Intel 14A represents a binding, significant external customer commitment, and what production volume or timing it would involve.
- Whether Intel will win additional external 14A customers sufficient to support the node and its successors; Intel previously said it could pause or discontinue 14A without a significant customer, then later said it had committed to complete development.
- How much of Intel Foundry's reported revenue comes from external customers, since reported segment revenue includes wafers made for Intel's own product groups.
- Whether SK hynix will lease or otherwise use part of Intel's Ohio site; Reuters reported exploratory discussions, while SK hynix said no decisions had been made.
- Whether the delayed Ohio build will proceed on its stated 2030-31 operating timetable after Intel slowed construction, despite renewed construction progress in October 2026.
What to watch next
- Jan 2027 — Intel 14A external design commitments are expected to expand A meaningful external 14A customer remains central to validating Intel's continuing investment in 14A as a commercial foundry node.
- Dec 2028 — Fab 62 is expected to begin operations by the end of 2028 Bringing the second Arizona fab online would expand Intel's available U.S. manufacturing capacity after the company scaled back projects elsewhere.
Who is involved
- Intelcompany
Chipmaker pursuing a transition from an integrated manufacturer to a contract foundry while continuing to make its own products.
- Intel 18Aproduct
Intel's leading-edge process node now used for Panther Lake and in high-volume production at Fab 52.
- Lip-Bu Tanperson
Intel CEO since March 2025, under whom Intel cancelled European projects, made 14A conditional on outside demand, and later committed to complete 14A development.
- Intel 14Aproduct
Successor process to 18A whose commercial future was initially tied to winning a significant external customer.
- Pat Gelsingerperson
Former Intel CEO who launched IDM 2.0, created Intel Foundry Services and announced the initial foundry expansion plan.
- Fab 52other
Intel's Arizona fab that processed its first 18A wafer in April 2025 and is ramping high-volume 18A production.
- RAMP-Cproduct
Defense-linked Rapid Assured Microelectronics Prototypes - Commercial program that Intel Foundry completed in July 2026.
- Terafabother
Chip-fabrication project joined by Intel; Elon Musk said it plans to use Intel 14A, though the commercial arrangement has not been detailed.
38 more
- U.S. Department of Commerceregulator
Administered Intel's CHIPS Act award, part of whose unpaid funding was converted into the U.S. government's Intel equity stake.
- Apollocompany
Former 49% investor in Intel's Fab 34 joint venture in Ireland; Intel repurchased its interest in April 2026.
- David Zinsnerperson
Intel named its CFO as an interim co-chief executive after Pat Gelsinger retired.
- Fab 34other
Intel's Ireland fab joint venture, whose remaining 49% Apollo interest Intel repurchased for $14.2 billion in 2026.
- Fab 62other
Arizona fab included in Intel's 2021 groundbreaking.
- Intel Ohio Oneproduct
Intel's planned Ohio chipmaking facility discussed as a possible location for memory production.
- Irelandother
Location of Fab 34 and its joint venture.
- Naga Chandrasekaranperson
Intel Foundry chief who gave the reported expectation to KeyBanc.
- Ohio Oneother
Intel's Ohio fab project, whose first module is now planned for completion in 2030 and whose construction was later slowed to match demand.
- Panther Lake / Core Ultra Series 3product
Intel's first 18A product line, used as evidence that the 18A node reached production.
- SK hynixcompany
Held exploratory talks with Intel about possible use of the Ohio site for U.S. memory manufacturing, but said no decision had been made.
- Teslacompany
Terafab participant alongside SpaceX and xAI.
- U.S. Department of Defenseregulator
Awarded Intel the RAMP-C program, providing an early government-backed foundry customer path.
- Amazon Web Servicescompany
Expanded its Intel relationship to include an AI fabric chip on Intel 18A.
- ASMLcompany
Worked with Intel Foundry on High-NA EUV deployment, reporting more than one million wafers processed cumulatively.
- Elon Muskperson
Said Terafab plans to use Intel 14A and later said Intel would remain involved in the project.
- Fortinetcompany
Collaborating with Intel on the Fortinet Security Processor 6, a named foundry-related customer development.
- Fortinet Security Processor 6product
Security processor, also called SP6, targeted by the Intel-Fortinet collaboration.
- German federal governmentregulator
Agreed incentives for Intel's planned Magdeburg fabs before Intel ultimately cancelled the project.
- High-NA EUVproduct
Lithography technology reported to have processed more than one million wafers.
- Intel 18A-Pproduct
Performance-enhanced member of the 18A family that entered risk production in June 2026.
- Intel Core Ultra Series 3product
Intel processor platform unveiled as built on Intel 18A.
- Intel Malaysiacompany
Intel’s Malaysian operation associated with the planned Penang facility.
- KeyBanccompany
Investment bank to which Chandrasekaran gave the reported expectation.
- Lee Wei Chernperson
Intel Foundry vice president and Intel Malaysia managing director cited by Tech Wire Asia.
- Michelle Johnston Holthausperson
Intel named its product chief as an interim co-chief executive after Pat Gelsinger retired.
- Microsoftcompany
Committed a design to Intel 18A at Intel Foundry's 2024 relaunch.
- Nvidiacompany
Invested $5 billion in Intel and agreed to collaborate on custom x86 CPUs and RTX-based PC system-on-chips.
- Reliable MicroSystemscompany
Added as an Intel Foundry customer in phase three of the RAMP-C program.
- Secure Enclaveother
Program referenced in connection with the RAMP-C work.
- SemiAnalysisother
Publisher that measured the logic density in the Panther Lake teardown.
- SpaceXcompany
Terafab participant alongside xAI and Tesla.
- Trusted Semiconductor Solutionscompany
Added as an Intel Foundry customer in phase three of the RAMP-C program.
- TSMCcompany
The leading foundry competitor used as the benchmark for Intel 14A performance and 18A density comparisons.
- TSMC A14product
Process node used as the comparison for Intel 14A performance.
- TSMC N3Eproduct
Process used for GPU logic compared with Panther Lake Intel 18A compute logic.
- U.S. Department of Warregulator
Government department identified in the report as associated with the RAMP-C program.
- xAIcompany
Terafab participant alongside SpaceX and Tesla.
Changelog
- Added 2 entries: 2026-10-21 Intel says Fab 62 construction and tool installation are underway; 2026-10-21 Ohio One gets its first major truss, on a site Intel had pushed to 2030.
- Added 3 entries: 2026-04-07 Intel joins the Terafab project; 2026-04-22 Musk says Terafab plans to use Intel 14A; 2026-10-07 Tan says Intel will continue Terafab involvement.
- Linked 2 entries with HBM Supply Race: SK hynix, Samsung and Micron from HBM3E to HBM4E. Added 3 entries: 2026-09-24 Intel Penang packaging facility scheduled to begin operations in 2026; 2026-09-25 Intel Foundry chief expects Intel 14A within 5% of TSMC A14 performance; 2026-09-26 SemiAnalysis finds similar density for Panther Lake 18A and TSMC N3E logic.
- Added 2 entries: 2026-09-16 Reuters reports possible SK hynix use of Intel's Ohio facility; 2026-09-16 SK hynix says no decision has been made on reported Intel scenarios.
- Added 1 entry: 2026-09-07 Intel Foundry and ASML report one million High-NA EUV wafers.
- Added 18 entries: 2021-08-23 Defense Department awards Intel phase-one RAMP-C agreement; 2021-09-24 Intel breaks ground on Fab 52 and Fab 62 in Arizona; 2023-06-19 Intel and Germany agree expanded Magdeburg fab investment; 2023-06-21 Intel sets internal-foundry model for first quarter of 2024 and 14 more. Added 13 hand-verified entries by the editor.
A research pass records each dated fact with the page it came from and a verbatim quote. A second, independent pass re-opens every cited page and rejects entries it cannot confirm. The editor reviews what remains before it is published, and every change is listed above. Full method.