SpaceX

SpaceX said it would attempt on-orbit refuelling early in 2027. The statement described a planned Starship refuelling demonstration.

SpaceX said it expected Starship Flight 15 to occur in November 2026. The company said it would attempt to catch both the booster and the ship on that flight.

The Federal Aviation Administration opened public scoping for a programmatic environmental impact statement covering proposed SpaceX Starship-Super Heavy operations at Starbase. The PEIS will evaluate a maximum capacity of up to 456 annual launches from Starbase and up to 912 annual landings there.

Reuters reported that T-Mobile shares fell 13.2%, while AT&T and Verizon shares each fell about 10% during the session. Reuters reported that SpaceX shares rose 1.2% in afternoon trading.

The stated 120-day lockup period for certain SpaceX Class B common shares ended on October 9, 2026. S&P Capital IQ described the period as beginning on June 11, 2026.

Grain Management announced a definitive agreement for SpaceX to acquire all of its nationwide 800 MHz spectrum portfolio, valued at about $8 billion by a person Reuters spoke to. Low-band spectrum is what a satellite reaches an ordinary handset with, so this is the direct-to-cell service buying its own capacity rather than renting a carrier's. Telecom shares fell sharply the next session.

Grain Management announced a definitive agreement for SpaceX to acquire its nationwide 800 MHz spectrum portfolio. Reuters reported that a person familiar with the discussions valued the deal at about $8 billion.

Bloomberg reported that SpaceX and commercial-space firms sought FCC changes that would remove a third-party coordinator from certain shared wireless-spectrum bands. Boeing and Lockheed Martin use the bands for commercial and military aircraft testing.

The Federal Communications Commission granted Space Exploration Holdings LLC authority to launch and operate the SpaceX NGSO MSS System. The authorization covers a constellation of 15,000 NGSO satellites for specified satellite, mobile-satellite, direct-to-cell, backhaul, and telemetry services.

Reuters, confirming an earlier Financial Times report, said SpaceX was in talks with banks and asset managers to raise $40 billion for an order of Nvidia AI chips, with PIMCO among the managers in talks. The Reuters copy puts the structure at about $10 billion in bank loans and $30 billion in investment-grade debt, with Apollo expected to lead the deal and place the paper. Bloomberg described the discussions as early and said they could end without a deal; none of the companies confirmed it.

AT&T Chief Executive Officer John Stankey told Axios that SpaceX's proposed Starlink-based mobile strategy was not viable. He challenged the economics and technical practicality of adding small cellular base stations alongside Starlink dishes.

BofA Securities maintained its Buy rating on SpaceX and its $235 price target. Analyst Ronald Epstein cited Flight 14 as progress toward Starship reusability while noting engine-relight issues and an early mission end.

TD Cowen initiated coverage of SpaceX with a Buy rating and a $200 price target. Analyst John Blackledge estimated approximately $8.1 billion in fourth-quarter 2026 AI-compute-leasing revenue and a $41 billion annualized run rate exiting 2026.

Benzinga, citing Reuters and The Information, reported that Anthropic committed to pay SpaceX up to $84.5 billion for Nvidia-powered computing infrastructure through 2029. The report said the agreements generally allow either party to terminate with 90 days' notice.

Starship Flight 14 lifted off from Starbase on 28 September, the vehicle's first mission to reach orbit, and released 26 Starlink V3 satellites about 35 minutes later. SpaceX designs each V3 for 1 terabit per second of capacity, so one launch adds roughly 26 Tbps to the constellation. An earlier July flight had carried V3s on a suborbital path, where they burned up.

The Federal Aviation Administration determined that SpaceX did not need to conduct a formal mishap investigation after Flight 14. The determination covered events involving Ship 41 and Super Heavy Booster 21 within the authorized activity scope.

Axios reported that an apparent explosion was visible shortly after Ship 41 splashed down in the Pacific. Axios said SpaceX did not provide a cause for the event.

SpaceX launched Ship 41 and Super Heavy Booster 21 from Starbase on Flight 14, its first attempt to reach orbit. A single Raptor vacuum engine shut down early during the upper stage's ascent burn; Ship 41 burned its remaining five engines longer to reach its planned passively safe suborbital trajectory, then made an orbit-insertion burn and entered orbit, where it deployed 26 Starlink V3 satellites. SpaceX said it limited time on orbit out of caution given the engine issue, performed Starship's first deorbit burn, and splashed down in the northern Pacific; Booster 21, which also lost one Raptor during its initial climb, splashed down in the Gulf of America.

The Federal Aviation Administration issued license authorization for SpaceX Starship–Super Heavy Flight 14 launch and reentry operations. Aviation Week reported the authorization on September 27.

SpaceX published Flight 14 mission objectives. The objectives included a first orbital insertion maneuver, deployment of 26 Starlink V3 satellites, a single-engine deorbit burn, and a controlled Pacific Ocean splashdown.

SpaceX completed a wet dress rehearsal for its next Starship flight. The rehearsal was conducted before Starship Flight 14.

Up to 328.4 million SpaceX shares became eligible for sale under the staggered post-IPO lockup schedule, a tranche held by early venture investors and employees.

SpaceX assembled a Starship-Super Heavy vehicle on the launch pad at Starbase. Ship 41 was stacked with Super Heavy Booster 21 for Starship Flight 14.

A Form 4 identifies transactions by SpaceX President and COO Gwynne Shotwell as being made under a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. The filing states that the plan was adopted on June 23, 2026.

S&P Capital IQ reported that Space Exploration Technologies Corp. was added to the S&P Telecom Select Industry Index. The report did not state an effective date or constituent weight.

NASA awarded Space Exploration Technologies Corp. three additional crew-transportation missions to the International Space Station through a contract modification. Reuters reported the contract was valued at $946 million and extended crewed flights through 2030.

SpaceX moved the target date for Starship Flight 14, the first flight planned to reach orbit, from September 22 to September 28, and gave no reason for the delay. The 75-minute launch window opens at 8:15 a.m. EDT from Starbase, and SpaceX said the attempt remained pending regulatory approval.

SpaceX said Starship Flight 14 could launch as early as September 22, pending regulatory approval. Space.com reported that September 22 was the original target date when it updated its coverage on September 17.

MoffettNathanson analyst Julie Zhu maintained a Neutral rating on SpaceX. The firm raised its price target to $142 from $131.

The Federal Aviation Administration operational plan listed a September 18, 2026 primary launch window for Starship Flight 14, with September 19 as backup. Spaceflight Now reported that the mission had been delayed from September 15.

Benzinga reported that Vy Capital had accumulated a SpaceX stake worth more than $41.1 billion. The report described the holding as a 3.4% stake.

Valor-affiliated entities made pro rata in-kind distributions of Space Exploration Technologies Corp. Class A shares without consideration. The distributions were reported in Antonio J. Gracias's Form 4 filing.

Nasdaq Global Index Watch pro forma data indicated SpaceX’s Nasdaq-100 weighting could rise to about 2.82% from about 1.28%. The reported data was provisional, with a final index weight to be determined later in September.

SpaceX disclosed a hosting agreement with an unnamed customer that it said would add about $1.11 billion in monthly revenue starting December 1. The company said the agreement would add about $13 billion in annual recurring revenue.

SpaceX said it was targeting 2027 to fly its first orbital-compute satellites. It said it intended to deploy large amounts of computing capacity in space in 2028 using a modified Starlink satellite design.

SpaceX CFO Bret Johnsen said Starship Flight 14 was planned as a revenue-generating flight carrying production Starlink V3 satellites to orbit, the first of the programme.

On the 90th trading day after the IPO another 319 million shares became eligible for sale, with 59 million more the next day, and the stock dropped more than 4 percent, mirroring the reaction to the August tranche. The next expiries fall on September 24, October 9 and 24 and December 8.

SpaceX filed a lawsuit in Travis County’s 126th District Court concerning requests for records about Terafab tax incentives. USA Today reported the filing date as September 8, while GuruFocus described SpaceX as initiating the action on September 11.

The Federal Aviation Administration published notice that its final environmental assessment and FONSI/ROD for expanded Starship contingency-reentry operations and an additional Starbase landing trajectory were available. The notice stated that SpaceX must obtain a vehicle-operator-license modification before using additional Pacific Ocean contingency landing areas.

Ship 41 completed a single-engine burn simulating a deorbit and a 60-second six-engine static fire at Massey's, clearing the way for Flight 14 in September, the first mission meant to put Starship into orbit and carry operational Starlink V3 satellites. Musk said a return-to-tower catch of the ship would now come in a few months, so both stages were expected to splash down. A V3 booster catch had not yet been tried. Booster 21 followed with a full-duration 33-engine static fire on the pad on August 28.

SpaceX recovery personnel guided Ship 40 to a location off Christmas Island. The vehicle was awaiting inspection offshore.

Alphabet, Google LLC, and XXVI Holdings filed a Schedule 13G concerning SpaceX Class A common stock. The filing identifies Google LLC as the direct holder of 551,189,500 Class A shares.

The Anysphere merger became effective on August 14, with Cursor's common and preferred shares converting into SpaceX Class A stock, two months after signing and inside the third-quarter window SpaceX had given.

Elon Musk filed a Schedule 13G reporting beneficial ownership of 6,418,547,515 SpaceX shares. The reported position included Class A shares, Class B shares, restricted Class B shares, and options.

Two weeks after splashdown SpaceX was still trying to guide the 52-metre ship to port in Western Australia when Musk said recovery was not looking good; the team had already photographed critical parts of the heatshield and engines up close. The ship's survival of the splashdown prompted talk of catching a ship at the tower on a coming flight.

Two days after the results, the first and largest of the staged lockups released more than 911 million shares, more than doubling the tradable float, as early investors and employees became free to sell. The shares rose more than 6 percent on the day, easing fears of a rush for the exit; further tranches were scheduled for September 9 and 24, October 9 and 24 and December 8.

The same release listed what the enterprise growth is made of: a major agreement with American Airlines, service activated on Southwest, Virgin Atlantic, Iberia and Aer Lingus, and new Starlink Mobile partnerships with SoftBank, NTT Docomo and Spark NZ. The carrier deals are the direct-to-phone business arriving through other companies' networks rather than SpaceX's own.

Connectivity revenue was up 66 percent year over year and 32 percent on the previous quarter. Consumer revenue grew 44 percent and enterprise and government revenue 108 percent, so the half of the business selling to airlines, ships, carriers and governments is compounding at more than twice the consumer rate. Segment income from operations rose 79 percent to $1.7 billion.

SpaceX's first full quarter as a public company put Starlink at 12.0 million subscribers at the end of June, double the 6.0 million a year earlier and 1.7 million more than at the end of March. Average revenue per user held at $66 a month, unchanged from the first quarter and down from $85 a year earlier, both figures from the Connectivity table in the same release. The business is adding cheaper customers faster than the price per customer falls, which is the question this page exists to follow.

SpaceX's first quarterly report as a listed company set out three segments — Space, Connectivity and AI — with Connectivity defined as the Starlink broadband network and its consumer, enterprise and government customers. Before the June 2026 listing, Starlink's subscriber and revenue figures were whatever the company chose to say in public; from this filing on they arrive quarterly.

Second-quarter revenue rose 92 percent to $7.8 billion, with Connectivity (Starlink) at $4.3 billion, AI at $2.6 billion and Space at $962 million; the net loss narrowed to $541 million and adjusted EBITDA reached $3.5 billion. SpaceX cited two Starship V3 flights in the quarter and $14.1 billion of contracted cloud-services agreements, but capital spending above $10 billion sent the shares down about 8 percent after hours.

On the third attempt after an engine-ignition abort on July 16 and a weather scrub, the second V3 flight deployed 20 Starlink V3 satellites that SpaceX contacted over radio and laser links before they reentered, relit a Raptor in space, and brought the ship through reentry to a soft splashdown that left it floating intact, giving the first close look at a flown heatshield. The booster completed a 33-engine boostback for the first time on V3 but only some engines relit for landing and it was lost.

NASA said the 2027 Artemis III Earth-orbit demonstration would use a Starship Version 3 lander test article with a nose docking system. The test would evaluate Orion and Starship interactions during rendezvous and docking operations.

On May 27 the FAA had determined that the loss of the Super Heavy booster on its return during Flight 12 was a mishap requiring an investigation. On July 13 it accepted SpaceX's final report, which identified heat effects on propulsion components and engine-alarm settings as probable causes, and said SpaceX could proceed with Flight 13 once licensing requirements were met.

SPCX joined the index at the open with its capitalization counted at three times its $75 billion raw float, for an index weight of about 1 percent, unleashing the wave of passive buying that had been anticipated since the fast-track announcement.

SpaceX acquired Mesh Optical Technologies Corporation on July 6, 2026. The acquisition was made under a merger agreement dated May 29, 2026.

Using a new fast-entry rule for very large listings, Nasdaq announced that SPCX would join the Nasdaq-100 before the open on July 7 with a weight under 1 percent, letting QQQ and other index funds buy after the July 6 close. JPMorgan estimated about $4.3 billion of passive demand; SpaceX had already entered the CRSP total-market index five days after the IPO.

Eleven days after the IPO, SpaceX priced an inaugural $25 billion investment-grade bond offering: $7 billion due 2031 at 5.35 percent, $6 billion due 2033, $6 billion due 2036, $2.5 billion due 2046 and $3.5 billion due 2056, unsecured and ranking equally with its other senior debt, to fund Starship, Starlink and AI data-center spending.

With a small float, index buying ahead and retail demand, SPCX reached an intraday high of $225.64 on its third trading day, briefly passing Amazon and Microsoft by market value, before falling back below $200 within days. Former Nasdaq chief Robert Greifeld said it was not trading on fundamentals; SpaceX had listed at roughly 100 times sales.

SpaceX signed a merger agreement to acquire Anysphere, the company behind the Cursor AI coding tool, with each Cursor share converting into SpaceX Class A stock at a ratio set by SpaceX's average price in the seven trading days before closing. Reports put the value at about $60 billion, the largest purchase of a venture-backed startup, exercising an option SpaceX had taken in April.

The offering closed on June 15 with the underwriters exercising their full option for another 83.3 million shares, taking the total sold to 638,888,888 at $135, about $86 billion. Over the weekend Musk posted that SpaceX 'might be able to reach approximately' $1 trillion in revenue in 2030, against $18.7 billion in 2025, and the stock rose another 20 percent in its first full session.

Gwynne Shotwell rang the Nasdaq opening bell and SPCX opened at $150, 11 percent above the offer price, and finished its first session at $161, up 19 percent, giving SpaceX a market capitalization above $2 trillion, more than Amazon or Microsoft on the day.

SpaceX priced its offering at a fixed $135 a share with no bookbuilding range, selling 555,555,555 Class A shares for $75 billion before the underwriters' option, and listing on both Nasdaq and the new Nasdaq Texas exchange. The final prospectus reserved up to five percent of the shares for employees and people named by executives, and kept board control with Musk.

The Council of Institutional Investors and 16 member organizations urged SpaceX to reconsider proposed IPO governance provisions. The letter requested a meeting with the company and its advisers.

The first V3 stack launched from the new Pad 2 at 5:30 p.m. CT. The booster lost one Raptor 3 on ascent, could not light all engines for its boostback burn and hit the Gulf hard. Starship lost a vacuum engine but reached its trajectory, deployed 20 Starlink simulators plus two modified Starlink satellites that photographed it in space, stressed its rear flaps and banked on reentry, and landed in the Indian Ocean on two engines.

SpaceX's public registration statement set up a Nasdaq listing under SPCX with Goldman Sachs as lead-left underwriter followed by Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, Citigroup and JPMorgan, and for the first time showed the company's financials: 2025 revenue of $18.7 billion, billions in losses driven by Starship and the xAI business, and Musk's control through Class B shares carrying more than 80 percent of the voting power.

SpaceX effected a five-for-one split of its Class A, Class B, and Class C common stock. Its financial statements were retrospectively recast to reflect the split.

Intel announced it had joined the Terafab project alongside SpaceX, xAI and Tesla. An Intel filing later described Intel as a strategic Terafab partner.

Bloomberg, then CNBC's David Faber, reported that SpaceX had submitted a confidential draft registration to the SEC, with a valuation target reported at more than $1.75 trillion and a June listing in view. The confidential route let the company negotiate the prospectus with the SEC before going public with its numbers.

NASA's Office of Inspector General reported that SpaceX's Artemis III Starship development had been delayed at least two years since the July 2021 contract award. The report identified vehicle-to-vehicle cryogenic-propellant transfer as a major HLS milestone.

NASA added a crewed mission in 2027 in which Orion will dock in low Earth orbit with one or both commercial landers, SpaceX's Starship and Blue Origin's Blue Moon, and test lunar spacesuits, and moved the first landing to Artemis IV in 2028. Administrator Jared Isaacman framed it as raising mission cadence and standardising the vehicle configuration. The change ties Starship's near-term orbital and refuelling tests directly to NASA's schedule.

Four months before listing, Musk folded his AI company xAI, with the Grok models and the X social network, into SpaceX in what CNBC called the largest private merger ever, at $1 trillion for SpaceX and $250 billion for xAI. The deal put an AI business, and its losses and data-center spending, into the company that would go public.

Five months before the IPO, SpaceX granted Elon Musk 1 billion performance-based restricted Class B shares as long-term incentive pay. According to Musk's later Schedule 13G, they vest in 15 equal tranches as SpaceX's market capitalization rises from $500 billion to $7.5 trillion in $500 billion steps, and on the company establishing a permanent human colony on Mars with at least one million inhabitants, subject to his continued employment. SEC staff questioned the disclosure during the IPO review.

An insider share sale at $421 a share valued SpaceX at about $800 billion, past OpenAI's $500 billion record for a private company, and a company message seen by Bloomberg said SpaceX was preparing for a possible 2026 offering to fund an 'insane flight rate' for Starship, AI data centers in space and a moon base.

The first detailed report of an IPO plan said SpaceX aimed to list in mid-to-late 2026 and raise well above $30 billion at a valuation near $1.5 trillion, which would make it the largest listing ever. Musk had long said Starlink might be spun out instead; the plan now covered the whole company.

The final flight of the second-generation ship and the original booster, and the last from the old Pad 1 configuration, met every objective: a reused booster tested the landing-burn profile planned for the next-generation vehicle, Starship deployed eight Starlink simulators, relit a Raptor, flew a banking manoeuvre to mimic a return to Starbase and splashed down in the Indian Ocean. Attention turned to the V3 vehicles intended for orbital flights, payloads and propellant transfer.

After three straight ship losses, the tenth flight deployed eight Starlink simulators from the payload bay, relit a Raptor in space, stressed the heatshield on reentry and splashed down softly in the Indian Ocean. The booster, flown without a catch attempt, tested an engine-out landing burn by shutting down a centre engine and using a backup, then hovered and splashed down in the Gulf. The FAA reopened airspace within ten minutes.

The FAA closed the Flight 9 mishap investigation and stated that SpaceX could proceed with Flight 10 launch operations. The regulator identified failure of a fuel component as the probable cause of the Starship loss.

SpaceX moved to sell new shares to insiders at about $400 billion, a $212-a-share price that would later look small, as Starlink revenue and Starship spending both climbed.

The ship assigned to Flight 10 was destroyed at about 11 p.m. CT during propellant loading for a six-engine static fire, damaging the Massey's test site. SpaceX identified the most probable cause as undetected damage to a nitrogen composite pressure vessel in the payload bay, and responded by lowering COPV operating pressure, adding inspections and proof tests, new acceptance criteria and protective covers. Flight 10 slipped to late August with a different ship.

The FAA closed the Flight 8 mishap investigation after accepting eight corrective actions. The final report attributed the Starship loss to a Raptor hardware failure that caused propellant mixing and ignition.

The FAA required a mishap investigation focused on the Flight 9 Starship loss. It treated the Super Heavy loss as a test-induced-damage exception.

The booster from Flight 7 flew again, the first reuse in the programme, completed a full ascent and a high angle-of-attack descent experiment, then broke up shortly after starting its landing burn over the Gulf. Starship reached space but its payload door would not open, an attitude control failure cancelled the engine relight, and the ship entered the atmosphere out of control and was lost about 46 minutes in. SpaceX later traced the ship failure to a fuel tank pressurisation diffuser and the booster loss to loads on the fuel transfer tube.

The FAA issued a Starship return-to-flight determination and authorized Flight 9 for launch. The Flight 8 investigation had not yet been formally closed.

The FAA's final tiered environmental assessment found that raising the Starbase launch cadence from five to 25 a year, with up to 25 landings of each stage, would not significantly affect the human environment, so no environmental impact statement was needed. Up to three launches could be at night, with night landings only offshore. The decision matched a draft issued the previous November.

The FAA closed the Flight 7 mishap investigation and accepted 11 SpaceX corrective actions. The final report attributed the Starship loss to flight vibrations that stressed and failed propulsion-system hardware.

Super Heavy was caught for the third time, but before the end of its ascent burn Starship suffered an energetic event in its aft section that took out several Raptors, followed by loss of attitude control and contact about nine and a half minutes in. Debris fell over the Bahamas and the FAA briefly held flights at Florida airports. It was the second consecutive loss of a Block 2 ship, and the FAA again required an investigation.

After a safety review the FAA determined Starship could return to flight operations while the mishap investigation into the January 16 loss of the Flight 7 ship remained open, and the same day issued a licence modification for Flight 8, covering a Super Heavy tower catch attempt and a Starship water landing in the Indian Ocean. The pattern of flying before an investigation formally closed recurred on later flights.

The first flight of the redesigned Block 2 ship ended after about eight and a half minutes when a fire in the aft section caused the vehicle to break apart, with debris visible from the Turks and Caicos Islands and airliners diverted. The booster was caught by the tower for the second time. SpaceX opened an investigation with the FAA and set up a debris hotline; the FAA required a mishap investigation before the next flight.

Bloomberg reported that SpaceX was discussing an insider share sale at roughly $350 billion, up from $210 billion a year earlier, making it the most valuable private company in the United States. The periodic tender offers, which let employees and early investors sell to outside funds, were how SpaceX's price was set before it went public.

Automated health checks on the launch and catch tower aborted the second catch attempt, so the booster diverted to a soft splashdown in the Gulf. Starship reignited a Raptor engine in space for the first time, a prerequisite for deorbit burns on orbital missions, flew a more aggressive angle of attack through the subsonic phase and splashed down in the Indian Ocean in daylight. President-elect Trump watched the launch with Musk at Starbase.

On its first try SpaceX brought Super Heavy back to Starbase and caught it in mid-air with the tower's chopstick arms, after thousands of vehicle and pad criteria were met. Starship flew its planned trajectory, reentered and splashed down on target in the Indian Ocean one hour, five minutes and forty seconds after launch. The flight had waited on an FAA licence that SpaceX had publicly complained was delayed by environmental reviews.

The fourth flight was the first in which both stages completed their missions: Super Heavy performed a landing burn and soft splashdown in the Gulf seven and a half minutes in, and Starship came through peak heating with a visibly damaged forward flap, kept control, flipped, lit its three centre engines and splashed down in the Indian Ocean an hour and six minutes after launch.

The FAA determined Starship could return to flight operations while the Flight 3 investigation remained open. The determination remained subject to other license requirements.

The third flight put Starship on its planned near-orbital trajectory for the first time, opened and closed the payload door and ran an internal propellant transfer demonstration, though the planned in-space Raptor relight was skipped because of roll rates. The booster lit several engines for its first landing burn before breaking up at about 462 m. Starship's first entry from space, streamed live over Starlink, ended with loss of signal about 49 minutes into the flight. NASA said the propellant transfer demonstration operations, a milestone under the Artemis lander contract, were completed and the joint team was reviewing the data.

SpaceX reincorporated as a Texas corporation on February 14, 2024. It had been incorporated as a Delaware corporation.

On the second flight all 33 Raptors ran through a full-duration ascent for the first time, the new hot-staging separation succeeded, and the ship reached about 150 km and 24,000 km/h, the first Starship in space. The booster broke up during its boostback burn about three and a half minutes in, and the ship's flight ended when telemetry was lost near the end of its burn after more than eight minutes, with the flight termination system triggered. The new water-cooled flame deflector protected the pad.

The FAA said SpaceX must implement every corrective action affecting public safety and obtain a licence modification before flying again; the actions included hardware redesigns to prevent leaks and fires, a more robust launch pad, extra design reviews, more testing of the autonomous flight safety system and tighter change control. SpaceX, which had already stacked Ship 25 on Booster 9, said it had built a hot-staging separation system and electric thrust vector control for the next flight. The licence came on November 15.

The first full stack lifted off from Starbase at 8:33 a.m. CT and reached about 39 km before multiple Raptor engines failed, the stages never separated, the vehicle began to tumble and the flight termination system was commanded on both stages. The launch also tore up the concrete under the pad and scattered debris, which fed the FAA investigation that followed.

The FAA published its Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment for Starship/Super Heavy operations at Boca Chica. It issued a mitigated Finding of No Significant Impact/Record of Decision and required mitigation measures for future licenses or permits.

NASA chose a Starship derivative over bids from Blue Origin and Dynetics to land the next astronauts on the Moon, a firm fixed-price award covering an uncrewed demonstration landing and a crewed landing at the lunar south pole. The design depends on refuelling Starship in Earth orbit with liquid oxygen and methane, and SpaceX agreed to self-fund more than half of development. It is the reason NASA's Moon schedule now rides on the Starship test campaign.