{ "data_version": "1", "schema": "https://whatledto.com/data", "id": "supreme-court", "name": "Supreme Court", "kind": "regulator", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/supreme-court", "description": "Decided the IEEPA tariff case.", "same_as": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" ], "timelines": [ { "slug": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026", "title": "The Fed's Rate Path: From the 2024 Cuts to Warsh's First Meetings", "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026", "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026.json", "role": "Held in June 2026 that Fed governors keep for-cause protection.", "entries": 1, "updated_at": "2026-10-16T02:10:22.232634+00:00" }, { "slug": "social-security-2027-cola", "title": "Social Security's Next Raise: From the 2.5% COLA to the 2027 Announcement", "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/social-security-2027-cola", "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/social-security-2027-cola.json", "role": "Issued the stay of the District Court order pending appeal.", "entries": 0, "updated_at": "2026-10-14T14:48:41.575777+00:00" }, { "slug": "us-canada-trade-war", "title": "The US–Canada Trade War: From the Fentanyl Tariffs to Section 338 and Dollar-for-Dollar Retaliation", "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war", "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war.json", "role": "Held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs, ending the fentanyl tariff on non-USMCA goods and the energy rate.", "entries": 1, "updated_at": "2026-10-14T06:23:01.265281+00:00" }, { "slug": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "title": "IEEPA Tariff Refunds: From the Supreme Court Ruling to the Console Lawsuits", "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation", "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation.json", "role": "Held on February 20, 2026 that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs.", "entries": 2, "updated_at": "2026-10-14T04:35:35.915350+00:00" } ], "entries": [ { "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026", "id": 426, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n426", "date": "2026-06-29", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Supreme Court, 5 to 4, keeps Cook in office: governors have for-cause protection and a right to notice and a hearing", "summary": "Chief Justice Roberts, joined by Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh and Jackson, denied the government's application to remove Cook while her suit proceeds, holding that the Federal Reserve Act's for-cause protection is constitutional and that a governor must receive notice and some opportunity to respond before removal, which Cook had not. The Court said eliminating that protection was for Congress, even as it had allowed at-will removal at most other independent agencies.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Supreme Court", "Lisa Cook", "Donald Trump", "John Roberts" ], "parties": [ "supreme-court", "lisa-cook", "donald-trump", "john-roberts" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/25a312_5468.pdf", "outlet": "Supreme Court of the United States", "published": "2026-06-29", "quote": "If the Federal Reserve’s for-cause removal protections are to be eliminated, that change must occur through the legislative process." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war", "id": 845, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n845", "date": "2026-02-20", "date_precision": "day", "title": "The Supreme Court strikes down the IEEPA tariffs; the 35 percent goes, a Section 122 surcharge and the 232 tariffs stay", "summary": "In Learning Resources v. Trump the Court held 6 to 3 that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs, ending the 35 percent fentanyl tariff on non-USMCA goods and the 10 percent energy rate. The relief for Canada was limited: about 90 percent of its exports were already exempt, the Section 232 tariffs on steel, aluminum, autos and lumber were untouched, and Trump replaced the lost tariffs with a Section 122 global surcharge from February 24 that exempted CUSMA-compliant goods.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Supreme Court", "Donald Trump" ], "parties": [ "supreme-court", "donald-trump" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.osler.com/en/insights/updates/u-s-supreme-court-strikes-down-ieepa-tariffs-but-global-tariff-introduced/", "outlet": "Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt", "published": "2026-02", "quote": "On February 20, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not authorize the President to impose tariffs. The 6-3 decision in Learning Resources Inc., et al. v." }, { "url": "https://www.osler.com/en/insights/updates/u-s-supreme-court-strikes-down-ieepa-tariffs-but-global-tariff-introduced/", "outlet": "Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt", "published": "2026-02", "quote": "President Trump has already imposed under another legal instrument (Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974), a global tariff on imports, effective February 24, 2026." }, { "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/02/imposing-a-temporary-import-surcharge-to-address-fundamental-international-payments-problems/", "outlet": "The White House", "published": "2026-02-20", "quote": "Accordingly, I impose, for a period of 150 days, a temporary import surcharge of 10 percent ad valorem, as described below, on articles imported into the United States, effective February 24, 2026." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 343, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n343", "date": "2026-02-20", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Supreme Court holds 6 to 3 that IEEPA does not authorize the President to impose tariffs", "summary": "Chief Justice Roberts wrote for the Court in Learning Resources v. Trump: the taxing power belongs to Congress, and when Congress has delegated tariff authority it has done so explicitly and with limits, so IEEPA's words regulate and importation cannot carry a delegation of unbounded tariff power. The Federal Circuit was affirmed and the D.C. district-court case was sent back to be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. By then CBP had collected roughly $166 billion in IEEPA duties from about 330,000 importers on 53 million entries, all of it now potentially refundable.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Supreme Court", "John Roberts", "Learning Resources", "IEEPA" ], "parties": [ "supreme-court", "john-roberts", "learning-resources", "ieepa" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/24-1287_4gcj.pdf", "outlet": "Supreme Court of the United States", "published": "2026-02-20", "quote": "Fulfilling that role, we hold that IEEPA does not authorize the President to impose tariffs." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 342, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n342", "date": "2025-11-05", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Supreme Court hears the consolidated tariff cases and sounds skeptical of the government", "summary": "After granting certiorari on September 9 and expediting the cases, the Court heard nearly three hours of argument in Learning Resources v. Trump and Trump v. V.O.S. Selections. Solicitor General John Sauer argued that regulating importation plainly embraces tariffs; Neal Katyal for the businesses and Oregon's Benjamin Gutman for the states argued that IEEPA never mentions tariffs, duties or taxes. Justices across the spectrum pressed the government to point to statutory text authorising tariffs.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Supreme Court", "Learning Resources", "V.O.S. Selections", "John Sauer", "Neal Katyal" ], "parties": [ "supreme-court", "learning-resources", "vos-selections", "john-sauer", "neal-katyal" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.scotusblog.com/2025/11/court-appears-dubious-of-trumps-tariffs/", "outlet": "SCOTUSblog", "published": "2025-11-05", "quote": "The Supreme Court on Wednesday seemed skeptical of President Donald Trump’s authority to impose sweeping tariffs in a series of executive orders earlier this year. During more than two-and-a-half hours of oral arguments, a majority of the justices appeared to agree with the small businesses and states challenging the tariffs that they exceeded the powers given to the president under a federal law providing him the authority to regulate commerce during national emergencies created by foreign threats." } ] } ], "often_with": [ { "id": "donald-trump", "name": "Donald Trump", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/donald-trump", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/donald-trump.json", "shared_timelines": 4 }, { "id": "us-department-of-the-treasury", "name": "U.S. Department of the Treasury", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/us-department-of-the-treasury", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/us-department-of-the-treasury.json", "shared_timelines": 3 }, { "id": "us-department-of-justice", "name": "U.S. Department of Justice", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/us-department-of-justice", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/us-department-of-justice.json", "shared_timelines": 3 }, { "id": "us-government", "name": "U.S. government", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/us-government", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/us-government.json", "shared_timelines": 2 }, { "id": "bureau-of-labor-statistics", "name": "Bureau of Labor Statistics", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/bureau-of-labor-statistics", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/bureau-of-labor-statistics.json", "shared_timelines": 2 }, { "id": "federal-reserve", "name": "Federal Reserve", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/federal-reserve", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/federal-reserve.json", "shared_timelines": 2 }, { "id": "john-roberts", "name": "John Roberts", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/john-roberts", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/john-roberts.json", "shared_timelines": 2 }, { "id": "susan-collins", "name": "Susan Collins", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/susan-collins", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/susan-collins.json", "shared_timelines": 2 } ], "license": { "holder": "What Led To", "terms": "https://whatledto.com/methodology#reuse", "summary": "Quote entries with attribution and a link to the entry; do not republish whole timelines or train models on the text." } }