{
  "data_version": "1",
  "schema": "https://whatledto.com/data",
  "id": "donald-trump",
  "name": "Donald Trump",
  "kind": "person",
  "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/donald-trump",
  "description": "President of the United States; author of the IEEPA tariffs and the federal workforce cuts.",
  "same_as": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump"
  ],
  "timelines": [
    {
      "slug": "tsmc-arizona-fabs",
      "title": "TSMC Arizona: From a $12 Billion Fab to a $265 Billion Gigafab Cluster",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/tsmc-arizona-fabs",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/tsmc-arizona-fabs.json",
      "role": "U.S. president who appeared with TSMC for the March 2025 announcement of a US$100 billion U.S. expansion.",
      "entries": 1,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-22T03:08:39.841148+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mortgage-rates-2025-2026",
      "title": "Mortgage Rates: One Week Below 6 Percent, Then Back Above 7",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/mortgage-rates-2025-2026",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/mortgage-rates-2025-2026.json",
      "role": "President who proposed a 50-year mortgage and ordered representatives to pursue $200 billion in mortgage-backed-security purchases.",
      "entries": 3,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-21T11:43:22.659430+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "student-loan-repayment-overhaul",
      "title": "Student Loans After SAVE: From the Court Block to the Repayment Assistance Plan",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/student-loan-repayment-overhaul",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/student-loan-repayment-overhaul.json",
      "role": "Signed the reconciliation law creating new repayment plans, loan caps, and other federal student-loan changes.",
      "entries": 2,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-19T04:13:24.467271+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "title": "The Fed's Rate Path: From the 2024 Cuts to Warsh's First Meetings",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026.json",
      "role": "President who repeatedly pressed the Fed for lower rates, selected Warsh as chair, and has pursued Lisa Cook's removal.",
      "entries": 13,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-16T02:10:22.232634+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "trump-accounts-rollout",
      "title": "Trump Accounts: From the 2025 Tax Law to the July 2026 Launch and the Employer Matches",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/trump-accounts-rollout",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/trump-accounts-rollout.json",
      "role": "Promoted the accounts at White House events and signed the reconciliation law that created them.",
      "entries": 7,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-14T15:05:02.561257+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "us-beef-prices",
      "title": "Record Beef Prices: The Smallest Herd Since 1951, the Packer Probe and the Import Fix",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices.json",
      "role": "Ordered or backed the packer investigation, signed the quota proclamations, and directed reviews of livestock-market enforcement and beef labeling.",
      "entries": 10,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-14T14:54:56.735135+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "social-security-2027-cola",
      "title": "Social Security's Next Raise: From the 2.5% COLA to the 2027 Announcement",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/social-security-2027-cola",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/social-security-2027-cola.json",
      "role": "Announced a one-time Medicare Part B payment for roughly one-third of Part B enrollees, with eligibility and payment details material to beneficiaries’ net gains.",
      "entries": 2,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-14T14:48:41.575777+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "title": "The US–Canada Trade War: From the Fentanyl Tariffs to Section 338 and Dollar-for-Dollar Retaliation",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war.json",
      "role": "U.S. president who initiated, escalated and threatened the tariff, import-ban and procurement measures against Canada.",
      "entries": 32,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-14T06:23:01.265281+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "us-tariff-refund-litigation",
      "title": "IEEPA Tariff Refunds: From the Supreme Court Ruling to the Console Lawsuits",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation.json",
      "role": "Issued the 2025 IEEPA tariff orders and the February 2026 Section 122 replacement surcharge.",
      "entries": 4,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-14T04:35:35.915350+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "amd-china-export-controls",
      "title": "US Export Controls on AMD's AI Chips in China: From the MI250 License to MI308 and MI325X",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/amd-china-export-controls",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/amd-china-export-controls.json",
      "role": "President whose administration backed the H200/MI325X case-by-case licensing policy and was asked by senators to reverse the MI308 revenue arrangement.",
      "entries": 7,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-14T02:01:40.262749+00:00"
    },
    {
      "slug": "nvidia-china-export-controls",
      "title": "US Export Controls on Nvidia AI Chips to China: A100 to H20 to H200",
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/nvidia-china-export-controls",
      "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/nvidia-china-export-controls.json",
      "role": "President whose administration announced in December 2025 that approved Chinese customers could buy H200 chips under a revenue-sharing arrangement.",
      "entries": 4,
      "updated_at": "2026-10-14T02:01:40.262749+00:00"
    }
  ],
  "entries": [
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 2159,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n2159",
      "date": "2026-10-14",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Federal Register publishes memorandum scheduling Cook hearing",
      "summary": "The Federal Register published a presidential memorandum concerning a committee of inquiry into allegations against Lisa Cook. The memorandum directs the committee to conduct an in-person hearing on November 5, 2026.",
      "type": "legal",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Lisa Cook",
        "Executive Office of the President",
        "White House",
        "Federal Reserve"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "lisa-cook",
        "executive-office-of-the-president",
        "us-government",
        "federal-reserve"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/10/14/2026-21061/establishment-of-a-committee-of-inquiry-to-investigate-allegations-of-false-statements-by-lisa",
          "outlet": "Executive Office of the President, Federal Register",
          "published": "2026-10-14",
          "quote": "The Committee shall, on November 5, 2026, conduct an in-person hearing to consider the evidence and allegations against Governor Cook."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://kfgo.com/2026/10/13/lawyer-for-feds-cook-denounces-trumps-latest-attempt-to-remove-her/",
          "outlet": "Reuters",
          "published": "2026-10-13",
          "quote": "Earlier this month Trump announced a fresh ‌inquiry into ​Cook and the appointment of a three-person committee to ⁠hold a hearing."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 1990,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n1990",
      "date": "2026-10-09",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Farm Bureau urges USDA to retain meatpacking rules",
      "summary": "The American Farm Bureau Federation said it wanted the rules to remain in place. It also asked that the rules be highlighted in the report sent to the president.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "American Farm Bureau Federation",
        "R.J. Layher",
        "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "american-farm-bureau-federation",
        "rj-layher",
        "us-department-of-agriculture",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.rfdtv.com/farm-bureau-presses-for-contract-protections-as-usda-reviews-meatpacking-rules",
          "outlet": "RFD-TV",
          "published": "2026-10-09",
          "quote": "“We want to make sure that those rules stay in place and are highlighted in the report that is sent to the president"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 2128,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n2128",
      "date": "2026-10-07",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump establishes committee to investigate Lisa Cook",
      "summary": "Donald Trump established a committee of inquiry to investigate allegations that Lisa D. Cook made false statements in connection with mortgage instruments. Associated Press reported that the committee was part of Trump’s effort to remove Cook from the Federal Reserve Board.",
      "type": "legal",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Lisa Cook",
        "White House"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "lisa-cook",
        "us-government"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/10/establishment-of-a-committee-of-inquiry-to-investigate-allegations-of-false-statements-by-lisa-denell-cook/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-10-07",
          "quote": "I hereby establish a committee of inquiry (Committee) to investigate allegations that Federal Reserve Governor Lisa D. Cook made false statements in connection with one or more mortgage instruments."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trump-establishes-committee-to-investigate-federal-reserves-lisa-cook-in-latest-effort-to-fire-her",
          "outlet": "Associated Press via PBS NewsHour",
          "published": "2026-10-09",
          "quote": "President Donald Trump opened another chapter in his effort to fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook Friday by establishing a \"committee of inquiry\" to investigate allegations that she made false statements in mortgage applications."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "trump-accounts-rollout",
      "id": 1998,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/trump-accounts-rollout#n1998",
      "date": "2026-10-07",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "White House says nearly 70 million Trump Accounts were created",
      "summary": "The White House announced that nearly 70 million Trump Accounts had been created, including more than 60 million through automatic enrollment. ABC News reported that Donald Trump described enrollment of 70 million children as historic.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "White House",
        "Trump Accounts"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "us-government",
        "trump-accounts"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/releases/2026/10/a-financial-stake-in-the-future-for-nearly-70-million-american-children-trump-accounts-made-it-possible/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-10-07",
          "quote": "Nearly 70 million Trump Accounts have been created, with more than 60 million through automatic enrollment."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://abcnews.com/Politics/trump-announces-historic-enrollment-70-million-children-trump-accounts",
          "outlet": "ABC News",
          "published": "2026-10-07",
          "quote": ""
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "social-security-2027-cola",
      "id": 2124,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/social-security-2027-cola#n2124",
      "date": "2026-10-02",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump announces a one-time Medicare Part B payment",
      "summary": "Donald Trump announced that the administration would send a one-time payment to around one-third of people enrolled in Medicare Part B. The announcement was made on October 2.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Medicare Part B"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "medicare-part-b"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/article/why-more-than-20-million-americans-are-getting-a-90-social-security-payment-and-why-40-million-are-missing-out-101340227.html",
          "outlet": "Yahoo News",
          "published": "2026-10-07",
          "quote": "President Trump announced on Oct. 2 that the administration would send a one-time payment to around one-third of people enrolled in Medicare Part B, which covers doctors' visits, outpatient care and preventive screenings."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/10/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-announces-medicare-improvement-fund-payments-for-seniors/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-10-02",
          "quote": "Today, President Donald J. Trump announced that the federal government will be making one-time payments of $90 per person to help more than 20 million enrollees pay for their Medicare Part B premiums."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 1787,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n1787",
      "date": "2026-10-01",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump says he wants Warsh to vote as Trump wants on rates",
      "summary": "Donald Trump said he wanted Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh to vote as Trump wanted on interest rates. The statement followed Warsh's participation in the September rate increase.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Kevin Warsh",
        "Federal Reserve"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "kevin-warsh",
        "federal-reserve"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/banking-finance/fed-policymakers-lean-against-october-rate-hike",
          "outlet": "The Business Times, reporting Reuters and Bloomberg",
          "published": "2026-10-02",
          "quote": "“Asked about his comments later on Thursday, Trump said he wants Warsh to ‘vote the way he wants.’”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 1776,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n1776",
      "date": "2026-10",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "title": "Trump says Warsh should have opposed the September rate increase",
      "summary": "Donald Trump said he would probably have voted against the Federal Reserve Board if he were Kevin Warsh. He said Warsh should have voted against the Federal Reserve's recent decision to raise interest rates while saying he did not hold Warsh personally responsible.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Kevin Warsh",
        "Federal Reserve",
        "Federal Open Market Committee"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "kevin-warsh",
        "federal-reserve",
        "federal-open-market-committee"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/esg/trump-says-warsh-should-have-voted-against-feds-rate-hike",
          "outlet": "Bloomberg Law",
          "published": "2026-10-01",
          "quote": "I don’t blame Kevin Warsh. I probably would have voted against the board if I were him,"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://qz.com/trump-warsh-fed-rate-hike-vote-100126",
          "outlet": "Quartz",
          "published": "2026-10-01",
          "quote": "President Donald Trump said Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh should have voted against the central bank's recent decision to raise interest rates, but added that he does not hold Warsh personally responsible for the move."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 1565,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n1565",
      "date": "2026-09-25",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Greer says United States has no urgency for a Canada trade deal",
      "summary": "Jamieson Greer said Donald Trump was comfortable with the United States' position on Canada. Greer said there was no urgency on the U.S. side to conclude a trade deal with Canada.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Jamieson Greer",
        "Donald Trump",
        "Office of the United States Trade Representative",
        "Canada",
        "United States"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "jamieson-greer",
        "donald-trump",
        "office-of-the-united-states-trade-representative",
        "canada",
        "united-states"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://globalnews.ca/news/12072973/trump-comfortable-canada-trade-talks-greer/",
          "outlet": "Global News",
          "published": "2026-09-25",
          "quote": "President Trump is comfortable with where we are on Canada."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/trumps-trade-czar-says-sees-150545269.html",
          "outlet": "The Canadian Press via Yahoo Finance",
          "published": "2026-09-25",
          "quote": "There’s no urgency on our side, I will say."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 1748,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n1748",
      "date": "2026-09-23",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Farm Bureau says its ground-beef sample showed a 16-cent price decline",
      "summary": "The American Farm Bureau Federation said its economists tracked 41 locations since Labor Day. It reported that average prices had fallen 16 cents per pound.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "American Farm Bureau Federation",
        "Zippy Duvall",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "american-farm-bureau-federation",
        "zippy-duvall",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.fb.org/news-release/farmers-renew-call-to-end-increased-beef-imports",
          "outlet": "American Farm Bureau Federation",
          "published": "2026-09-23",
          "quote": "“Farm Bureau economists tracked 41 locations since Labor Day and found that, on average, prices have fallen only 16 cents per pound.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://lmic.info/resources/publications/in-the-cattle-markets/",
          "outlet": "Livestock Marketing Information Center / American Farm Bureau Federation",
          "published": "2026-10-05",
          "quote": "Across our sample, the average price of ground beef barely moved, going from $7.29 a pound on Sept. 2 to $7.16 a pound on Oct. 5 – a reduction of 13 cents or 1.8%."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "amd-china-export-controls",
      "id": 1477,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/amd-china-export-controls#n1477",
      "date": "2026-09-23",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Lisa Su says she will attend Trump–Xi state dinner",
      "summary": "Lisa Su said she would attend the state dinner scheduled for the following night. She said technology leaders would seek stability across the technology ecosystem.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Lisa Su",
        "AMD",
        "Donald Trump",
        "Xi Jinping",
        "New York Stock Exchange"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "lisa-su",
        "amd",
        "donald-trump",
        "xi-jinping",
        "new-york-stock-exchange"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/tech-giant-ceo-announces-attend-trump-xi-state-dinner",
          "outlet": "Fox Business",
          "published": "2026-09-23",
          "quote": "“I'm honored to say that I will be at the dinner tomorrow night.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/amd-ceo-shares-trump-xi-expectations-at-imperia-summit-nyse-content-update-302889273.html",
          "outlet": "New York Stock Exchange",
          "published": "2026-09-24",
          "quote": "“She says tech leaders will want to ensure there is 'good stability' across the tech ecosystem.”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 1563,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n1563",
      "date": "2026-09-22",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump says U.S. will continue buying Canadian potash",
      "summary": "Donald Trump said the United States would continue to buy potash from Canada. He said Belarus wanted to sell potash at a lower price.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "United States",
        "Canada",
        "Belarus",
        "Volodymyr Zelenskyy",
        "potash"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "united-states",
        "canada",
        "belarus",
        "volodymyr-zelenskyy",
        "potash"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://globalnews.ca/news/12069085/trump-canadian-potash-september-22/",
          "outlet": "Global News / The Canadian Press",
          "published": "2026-09-22",
          "quote": "We’ll continue to go with Canada, but Belarus would like to sell it for a much lower price."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 1562,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n1562",
      "date": "2026-09-21",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump says Belarus potash-purchase deal is being developed",
      "summary": "Donald Trump said the United States was working on a deal to purchase potash from Belarus. The statement described a prospective arrangement and did not announce a completed contract.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "United States",
        "Canada",
        "Belarus",
        "potash"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "united-states",
        "canada",
        "belarus",
        "potash"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-09-21/trump-says-potash-deal-with-belarus-in-works-amid-canada-fight",
          "outlet": "Bloomberg",
          "published": "2026-09-21",
          "quote": "The United States is working on a massive Deal with respect to the purchase of Potash from Belarus."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "nvidia-china-export-controls",
      "id": 1472,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/nvidia-china-export-controls#n1472",
      "date": "2026-09-18",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Moolenaar asks Trump to tighten AI controls before the Xi summit",
      "summary": "Ahead of Trump's meeting with Xi Jinping, House Select Committee on China chairman John Moolenaar wrote to the president asking him to slow China's AI development by strengthening controls on advanced AI products, closing the cloud-service loopholes that let Chinese companies dodge them, and halting exports of American and allied semiconductor-manufacturing technology. The letter argued the PRC is not a long-term market for American AI because Beijing is refusing to let its own labs legally buy American technology.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "John Moolenaar",
        "House Select Committee on China",
        "Donald Trump",
        "People’s Republic of China",
        "U.S. Department of Commerce"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "john-moolenaar",
        "house-select-committee-on-china",
        "donald-trump",
        "peoples-republic-of-china",
        "us-department-of-commerce"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://chinaselectcommittee.house.gov/media/press-releases/trump-can-reinforce-longstanding-leadership-on-china-policy-to-advance-national-security",
          "outlet": "Select Committee on the CCP",
          "published": "2026-09-18",
          "quote": "The correct response is to slow down PRC AI development as much as possible by strengthening controls on advanced AI products, cutting off cloud services loopholes that allow PRC companies to easily dodge these restrictions, and most importantly, stopping exports of American and allied semiconductor manufacturing technology that the PRC needs for its plan to work."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 1561,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n1561",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump directs review of Canadian goods in federal procurement",
      "summary": "Donald Trump signed a memorandum directing U.S. agencies to examine Canadian-origin items in federal civil procurement. The memorandum instructed the United States Trade Representative to monitor Canada's treatment of U.S.-origin items in Canadian procurement markets.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Office of Management and Budget",
        "Office of the United States Trade Representative",
        "Canada",
        "Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "office-of-management-and-budget",
        "office-of-the-united-states-trade-representative",
        "canada",
        "federal-acquisition-regulatory-council"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/09/restoring-reciprocity-in-government-procurement/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-09-16",
          "quote": "The Trade Representative shall continue to monitor Canada’s treatment of United States origin items in the Canadian federal and provincial government procurement markets."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 1465,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n1465",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump threatens EU tariffs over proposed Canada association",
      "summary": "Donald Trump threatened possible new tariffs against the European Union over the proposal to make Canada an EU associate member. He said the tariffs would depend on whether he judged the proposal's intention to be bad.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "European Union",
        "Canada",
        "Ursula von der Leyen"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "european-union",
        "canada",
        "ursula-von-der-leyen"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.reutersconnect.com/item/uncaptioned-trump-threatens-eu-with-tariffs-over-proposed-canada-partnership/dGFnOnJldXRlcnMuY29tLDIwMjY6bmV3c21sX09XQ1ZNQzQ0Njk5OC1WSURFTw",
          "outlet": "Reuters",
          "published": "2026-09-17",
          "quote": "“U.S. President Donald Trump has threatened new tariffs against the European Union over a proposal to make Canada the bloc's first associate member.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/sep/17/trump-calls-eu-offer-to-canada-associate-membership-laughable-threatens-tariffs",
          "outlet": "The Guardian",
          "published": "2026-09-17",
          "quote": "“If it’s a good intention, that’s fine. If it’s a bad intention, we’ll put very heavy tariffs on Europe.”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 1349,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n1349",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump says he told Warsh to vote with the Board",
      "summary": "Donald Trump said he told Kevin Warsh to vote with the Federal Reserve Board because the outcome would not change. Axios reported Trump's statement on September 17.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Kevin Warsh",
        "Federal Reserve"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "kevin-warsh",
        "federal-reserve"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.axios.com/2026/09/17/why-the-federal-reserve-hiked-rates-this-week",
          "outlet": "Axios",
          "published": "2026-09-17",
          "quote": "I talked to Kevin. I said, 'You might as well vote with the board because it's not going to matter,'"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 1299,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n1299",
      "date": "2026-09-15",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Section 338 tariff-schedule revisions take effect",
      "summary": "Revisions to the Section 338 tariff schedule under the U.S. motor-vehicles proclamation took effect on September 15, 2026. The changes applied to goods entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption on or after that date.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "United States",
        "Canada",
        "U.S. Customs and Border Protection"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "united-states",
        "canada",
        "us-customs-and-border-protection"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-18839.pdf",
          "outlet": "Federal Register, Presidential Proclamation 11065",
          "published": "2026-09-14",
          "quote": "“These changes shall be effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on September 15, 2026.”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 1298,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n1298",
      "date": "2026-09-14",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Carney welcomes Trump's comments and says Canada is ready to negotiate",
      "summary": "After Trump said a deal could come fairly soon, Carney said a mutually advantageous agreement remained possible, one respecting Canadian sovereignty and cultural institutions, and that Canada was ready to sit down and negotiate. He said he remained in regular contact with Trump and was open to re-engagement if the United States respected Canada's red lines.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Mark Carney",
        "Donald Trump",
        "Government of Canada",
        "United States"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "mark-carney",
        "donald-trump",
        "government-of-canada",
        "united-states"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/tariffs/2026/09/14/i-welcome-the-presidents-comments-pm-carney-responds-to-trump-update-on-canada-us-trade-deal/",
          "outlet": "BNN Bloomberg",
          "published": "2026-09-14",
          "quote": "\"We're ready to sit down and negotiate that and move it forward.\""
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/tariffs/2026/09/14/i-welcome-the-presidents-comments-pm-carney-responds-to-trump-update-on-canada-us-trade-deal/",
          "outlet": "BNN Bloomberg",
          "published": "2026-09-14",
          "quote": "Carney, however, said last week he remains in \"regular contact\" with Trump, signalling an openness to re-engagement if the U.S. respects red lines in the negotiations."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 1297,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n1297",
      "date": "2026-09-12",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump says a Canada-U.S. trade deal could come fairly soon",
      "summary": "Donald Trump said a trade deal with Canada could come fairly soon. Reporting said he gave no details on whether formal talks between the two economies had resumed.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Canada",
        "United States"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "canada",
        "united-states"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/trump-says-us-canada-probably-102840273.html",
          "outlet": "Bloomberg News via Yahoo Finance",
          "published": "2026-09-12",
          "quote": "“President Donald Trump expressed optimism about resolving a trade war with Canada, saying that a deal could come ‘fairly soon,’ but provided no details into whether formal talks between the two economies had resumed.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://globalnews.ca/news/12056734/eu-trump-ireland/",
          "outlet": "Global News",
          "published": "2026-09-12",
          "quote": "“When those things go away, and they’re willing to get rid of all of them, you’ll probably see a deal with Canada fairly soon.”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 1294,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n1294",
      "date": "2026-09-10",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Carney signals restraint on further retaliation",
      "summary": "Mark Carney said Canada might hold off on further retaliation against the latest U.S. trade measures. The federal government was studying the tariffs and import bans while considering whether to adjust retaliatory tariffs.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Mark Carney",
        "Donald Trump",
        "Government of Canada",
        "United States"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "mark-carney",
        "donald-trump",
        "government-of-canada",
        "united-states"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.local10.com/news/world/2026/09/10/carney-calls-trumps-latest-trade-measures-relatively-modest-signals-restraint/",
          "outlet": "Associated Press",
          "published": "2026-09-10",
          "quote": "“Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney signaled Thursday that Canada may hold off on further retaliation against U.S. President Donald Trump’s latest trade measures, calling them ‘relatively modest’ compared to earlier U.S. actions.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://toronto.citynews.ca/2026/09/10/pm-carney-says-he-and-trump-have-talked-in-the-last-few-days/",
          "outlet": "The Canadian Press",
          "published": "2026-09-10",
          "quote": "“Prime Minister Mark Carney says the federal government is still studying the United States’ latest tariffs and import bans as it considers whether to adjust its own retaliatory tariffs.”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 856,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n856",
      "date": "2026-09-08",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Same day, Trump orders $50 billion of Canadian products off GSA procurement schedules",
      "summary": "Alongside the import bans, Trump directed the U.S. Trade Representative and the General Services Administration to remove Canadian-origin products from GSA's Multiple Award Schedules, the catalogue federal agencies buy from. USTR put the affected products at $50 billion and Trump posted that U.S. companies were barred from equivalent Canadian programs: no reciprocity, no access.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Office of the United States Trade Representative",
        "General Services Administration"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "office-of-the-united-states-trade-representative",
        "general-services-administration"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ustr.gov/about/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2026/september/ambassador-greer-issues-statement-president-trumps-response-canadas-continued-retaliation-against",
          "outlet": "United States Trade Representative",
          "published": "2026-09-08",
          "quote": "Additionally, the President has directed USTR (Office of the United States Trade Representative) and GSA (General Services Administration) to remove $50 billion dollars’ worth of Canadian-origin products from GSA’s Multiple Award Schedules."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/09/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-responds-to-canadas-retaliation/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-09-08",
          "quote": "Additionally, the President has directed the U.S. Trade Representative and the Administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA) to remove Canadian-origin products from GSA’s Multiple Award Schedules which manage over $50 billion in federal procurement."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 854,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n854",
      "date": "2026-09-08",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Same day, Trump answers with import bans: Canadian alcohol, dairy and motorcycles barred from September 29",
      "summary": "Within hours of Canada's duties, Trump signed five more Section 338 proclamations. Because the provincial alcohol bans and the dairy quotas remained, the orders ban certain Canadian alcohol, dairy and other goods outright from September 29, mirroring the provincial bans on American liquor, and swap cement, road salt and hospital pads out of the 50 percent list for ATVs, more cheeses and motorboats from September 15. Officials said the threatened 50 percent tariff on Canadian cars and trucks from January 1 remained on the table.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/09/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-responds-to-canadas-retaliation/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-09-08",
          "quote": "Today, to address Canada’s increased discrimination against U.S. commerce, President Donald J. Trump signed five Proclamations pursuant to Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 to ban certain products from Canada and modify the scope of the tariffs on certain Canadian products previously announced on July 20, 2026."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/09/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-responds-to-canadas-retaliation/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-09-08",
          "quote": "The import bans will take effect on September 29, 2026, and the product additions and removals will take effect on September 15, 2026."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/trump-escalates-trade-war-canada-moving-ban-import-autos-dairy-alcohol-rcna596666",
          "outlet": "NBC News",
          "published": "2026-09-08",
          "quote": "Tariffs on cement, road salt and hospital pads were removed and replaced with duties on all-terrain vehicles, some cheeses and motorboats. The import bans will go into effect in about three weeks — Sept. 29. A White House official also said on Tuesday’s call that Trump’s plan for 50% duties on cars and trucks remains on the table."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 852,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n852",
      "date": "2026-09-07",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "'NO MORE SELLING BOMBARDIER IN THE UNITED STATES!'",
      "summary": "On the eve of Canada's counter-tariffs, Trump posted that Bombardier could no longer sell in the United States unless it built there, saying more than half its revenue came from American buyers and that Canada had blocked Gulfstream. Bombardier replied that it employs people in more than 20 states and builds its jets with American engines and avionics; Senator Jerry Moran noted its 1,000-plus workers in Wichita. How a sales halt would be enforced, given that the FAA certifies aircraft, was unclear.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Bombardier",
        "Gulfstream Aerospace"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "bombardier",
        "gulfstream-aerospace"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/09/07/trump-bombardier-cant-sell-in-us-unless-canada-aerospace-giant-builds-there.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2026-09-07",
          "quote": "\"NO MORE SELLING BOMBARDIER IN THE UNITED STATES!\" Trump wrote on Truth Social on Monday. \"If they want our Market, they must build here, and stop treating America like a 'piggybank.'\" Bombardier in a statement to CNBC said that its workers are based all over the U.S., with direct employment in more than 20 states and sites in 10 states, including California, Texas and Arizona."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/09/07/trump-bombardier-cant-sell-in-us-unless-canada-aerospace-giant-builds-there.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2026-09-07",
          "quote": "Bombardier in a statement to CNBC said that its workers are based all over the U.S., with direct employment in more than 20 states and sites in 10 states, including California, Texas and Arizona."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/7/trump-threatens-to-block-canadas-bombardier-sales-unless-planes-made-in-us",
          "outlet": "Al Jazeera (Reuters)",
          "published": "2026-09-07",
          "quote": "“Over 50% of their revenue comes from the United States — They live off American Buyers, American Companies, American Airports, and American Service,” Trump said on Monday."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 1007,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n1007",
      "date": "2026-09-04",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Executive Order 14425 orders a review of mandatory beef country-of-origin labeling",
      "summary": "Executive Order 14425 directed the Secretary of Agriculture to review authorities that may allow mandatory country-of-origin labeling for beef products. The Secretary was directed to consult the United States Trade Representative within 90 days.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "U.S. government",
        "Donald Trump",
        "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
        "Office of the United States Trade Representative"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "us-government",
        "donald-trump",
        "us-department-of-agriculture",
        "office-of-the-united-states-trade-representative"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/09/supporting-americas-ranchers/",
          "outlet": "White House",
          "published": "2026-09-04",
          "quote": "Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the United States Trade Representative, shall review all statutory and regulatory authorities that may permit the establishment of mandatory country-of-origin labeling for beef products."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 1006,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n1006",
      "date": "2026-09-04",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Executive Order 14424 tells USDA to expand Packers and Stockyards investigations",
      "summary": "Executive Order 14424 directed the Secretary of Agriculture to prioritize and expand investigations of possible Packers and Stockyards Act violations. The order called for attention to practices that restrain commerce or manipulate prices.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "U.S. government",
        "Donald Trump",
        "U.S. Department of Agriculture"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "us-government",
        "donald-trump",
        "us-department-of-agriculture"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/09/promoting-fair-competition-in-livestock-markets-and-expanding-market-access-for-american-meat-producers/",
          "outlet": "White House",
          "published": "2026-09-04",
          "quote": "The Secretary of Agriculture (Secretary) shall, consistent with the Act, and all other applicable law: prioritize and expand investigations into potential violations of the Act by packers and other covered entities, with particular attention to unfair, unjustly discriminatory, or deceptive practices; undue or unreasonable preferences or advantages; and practices that restrain commerce or manipulate prices."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "amd-china-export-controls",
      "id": 1362,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/amd-china-export-controls#n1362",
      "date": "2026-09-02",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Lutnick says export-control easing is not expected at summit",
      "summary": "AsiaToday reported that Howard Lutnick told CNBC on September 2 that he did not expect export-control easing to be on the summit agenda. NationPress, published September 3, quoted him as saying that Donald Trump had offered China H200 chips and equivalent chips from AMD and other suppliers.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Howard Lutnick",
        "U.S. Department of Commerce",
        "Donald Trump",
        "AMD",
        "H200"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "howard-lutnick",
        "us-department-of-commerce",
        "donald-trump",
        "amd",
        "h200"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.nationpress.com/international/china-spurns-trumps-ai-chip-offer-lutnick",
          "outlet": "NationPress",
          "published": "2026-09-03",
          "quote": "“President Trump made an offer to sell H200 chips and video chips to China, and they’re equivalent from AMD and others.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://en.asiatoday.co.kr/view.php?key=20260904001004177",
          "outlet": "AsiaToday",
          "published": "2026-09-04",
          "quote": "“Asked about the possibility of including the easing of export controls on the summit agenda during a video interview with U.S. financial news outlet CNBC on the 2nd, Secretary Lutnick responded, \"No, I don't believe so.\"”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "nvidia-china-export-controls",
      "id": 1582,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/nvidia-china-export-controls#n1582",
      "date": "2026-09",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "title": "NVIDIA and AMD lobby against additional China chip restrictions",
      "summary": "Politico reported that NVIDIA and AMD urged the Trump administration to discourage lawmakers from including China-related chip-export restrictions in the annual defense policy bill. The reported outreach sought to prevent the proposed restrictions from being added to that bill.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Nvidia",
        "AMD",
        "Donald Trump",
        "U.S. government",
        "U.S. Department of Commerce",
        "U.S. Congress"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "nvidia",
        "amd",
        "donald-trump",
        "us-government",
        "us-department-of-commerce",
        "us-congress"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.benzinga.com/markets/tech/26/09/62048777/nvidia-amd-lobby-trump-administration-to-halt-potential-chip-export-restrictions-to-china-report",
          "outlet": "Benzinga, reporting Politico",
          "published": "2026-09-29",
          "quote": "The firms are urging the administration to discourage lawmakers from including China-related chip export restrictions in the annual defense policy bill, as per the report."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 992,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n992",
      "date": "2026-08-26",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "A second proclamation adds 300,000 tonnes, allocated to countries other than Argentina",
      "summary": "The August proclamation raised the aggregate in-quota quantity by 300,000 metric tons for 2026, administered first come, first served in three 100,000-tonne tranches opening September 1, October 1 and October 31. The volume was allocated entirely to \"other countries or areas,\" leaving the February Argentine allocation untouched, and the Agriculture Secretary and USTR were told to check whether the imports were in fact selling 25 percent below the market price.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Office of the United States Trade Representative",
        "U.S. Department of Agriculture"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "office-of-the-united-states-trade-representative",
        "us-department-of-agriculture"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/08/further-ensuring-affordable-beef-for-the-american-consumer/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-08-26",
          "quote": "(3) The additional 300,000 mt described in clauses (1) and (2) of this proclamation will be administered on a first come, first served basis in three 30 day tranches."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/08/31/2026-17842/further-ensuring-affordable-beef-for-the-american-consumer",
          "outlet": "Federal Register",
          "published": "2026-08-31",
          "quote": "(2) The additional 300,000 mt described in clause (1) of this proclamation will apply only to lean beef trimmings classifiable under HTSUS statistical reporting numbers 0201.30.5091, 0201.30.5097, 0202.30.5091, and 0202.30.5097."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 850,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n850",
      "date": "2026-08-22",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "50 percent tariffs take effect on about $20 billion of Canadian goods; Carney: 'they asked too much and offered too little'",
      "summary": "The Section 338 duties started at midnight on roughly $20 billion of exports including wine, furniture, dairy, cement, clothing and hockey equipment, about 4 percent of what Canada sells to the United States. At a press conference Carney promised dollar-for-dollar retaliation from September 8, concentrated in steel, dairy, appliances, farm equipment, pulp and paper and electronics, and when asked why it felt like going to war, said 'because we were attacked'. The Canadian dollar fell on Monday.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Mark Carney",
        "Donald Trump",
        "Jamieson Greer"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "mark-carney",
        "donald-trump",
        "jamieson-greer"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/08/22/us-canada-trade-talks-collapse-ushering-in-wave-of-new-tariffs.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2026-08-22",
          "quote": "The U.S. imposed 50% tariffs on some Canadian products on Saturday after trade talks between the two countries fell apart on Friday."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/08/22/us-canada-trade-talks-collapse-ushering-in-wave-of-new-tariffs.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2026-08-22",
          "quote": "\"They asked too much and offered too little,\" he said, adding that Canada had been willing to drop its remaining retaliatory tariffs on steel, aluminum and autos if the United States lowered its own."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/trump-canada-tariffs-carney-rcna593510",
          "outlet": "NBC News",
          "published": "2026-08-22",
          "quote": "Asked at the news conference why it felt like Carney was “going to war,” the prime minister responded, “Because we were attacked.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/08/24/canada-us-trade-war-deal.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2026-08-24",
          "quote": "The Canadian dollar dropped on Monday morning after trade talks between Ottawa and Washington fell apart, leaving both sides facing higher prices on a wide array of imported goods and threatening Canada's economic growth."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2026/08/canada-announces-targeted-countermeasures-and-substantive-support-for-workers-and-businesses-in-response-to-us-tariffs.html",
          "outlet": "Department of Finance Canada",
          "published": "2026-08-25",
          "quote": "Following the U.S. decision to impose a 50 per cent tariff on $27.6 billion of Canadian goods effective August 22, Minister Champagne confirmed today that Canada will match the new U.S. tariffs dollar for dollar, rate for rate, with additional Canadian tariffs on U.S. goods."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 990,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n990",
      "date": "2026-08-21",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump announces 300,000 tonnes of tariff-free ground beef imports; NCBA calls it a mistake",
      "summary": "In a Truth Social post Trump said he had concluded a deal under which the United States would let up to 300,000 metric tons of ground-beef product in with no out-of-quota tariff for 90 days, with a commitment that it be sold 25 percent below market prices. Cattle markets fell that morning, and NCBA chief executive Colin Woodall said flooding the market with government-subsidised below-market beef was not the way to rebuild the American herd.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "National Cattlemen's Beef Association",
        "Colin Woodall"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "national-cattlemens-beef-association",
        "colin-woodall"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.beefmagazine.com/market-news/cattle-group-reacts-to-trump-s-beef-import-post",
          "outlet": "BEEF Magazine",
          "published": "2026-08-21",
          "quote": "\"Today, I concluded a deal to substantially lower the price of ground beef for working American families,\" Trump posted."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 848,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n848",
      "date": "2026-08-18",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Two hours before the deadline, Trump pauses the tariffs three days: 'we have a DEAL!'",
      "summary": "With the 50 percent duties due at 12:01 a.m. on August 19, Trump posted that they were paused for three days because the two countries had a deal subject to finalizing documents. A proclamation said Canada had committed to remove the alcohol, dairy and vehicle measures. Carney's statement said substantial progress had been made with important work still to do, and confirmed the postponement to end of day August 21.",
      "type": "delay",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Mark Carney",
        "Dominic LeBlanc"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "mark-carney",
        "dominic-leblanc"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/trump-says-us-and-canada-reached-last-minute-deal-to-delay-50-us-tariffs-on-canadian-imports",
          "outlet": "PBS News (Associated Press)",
          "published": "2026-08-19",
          "quote": "President Donald Trump said Tuesday he was delaying the 50% U.S. tariffs on $20 billion worth of Canadian imports after the two countries reached a last-minute deal less than two hours before the sanctions were to go into effect."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/trump-says-us-and-canada-reached-last-minute-deal-to-delay-50-us-tariffs-on-canadian-imports",
          "outlet": "PBS News (Associated Press)",
          "published": "2026-08-19",
          "quote": "\"I have paused the 50% Tariffs against Canada, that were scheduled to kick in tomorrow morning for a three day period, based on the fact that Canada and the U.S.A., subject to the finalization of documents, have a DEAL!\""
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/08/18/statement-prime-minister-carney-ongoing-canada-us-trade-negotiations",
          "outlet": "Prime Minister of Canada",
          "published": "2026-08-18",
          "quote": "Substantial progress has been made, although there is important work still to be done. As this work is ongoing, the United States has agreed to postpone the implementation of its 50% tariff on a range of Canadian goods under Section 338 of the U.S. Tariff Act of 1930 until end of day, August 21."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 428,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n428",
      "date": "2026-08-05",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump restarts the Cook removal with a notice letter and a 21-day deadline",
      "summary": "Following the Supreme Court's instruction that Cook was entitled to notice and a chance to respond, deputy chief of staff Dan Scavino wrote that the president was considering removing her and gave her until August 26 to answer the mortgage allegations. Her lawyers called the allegations as baseless as a year earlier and, in a five-page reply on August 26, noted that the Treasury secretary and the attorney general had faced similar accusations.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Lisa Cook",
        "Dan Scavino",
        "Abbe Lowell"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "lisa-cook",
        "dan-scavino",
        "abbe-lowell"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.scotusblog.com/2026/08/trump-informs-lisa-cook-that-he-is-considering-her-removal/",
          "outlet": "SCOTUSblog",
          "published": "2026-08-07",
          "quote": "In a letter dated Aug. 5, White House Deputy Chief of Staff Dan Scavino notified Cook that Trump was “considering” whether to remove her from the Board of Governors."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 847,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n847",
      "date": "2026-07-20",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Section 338, unused since 1930: three proclamations for 50 percent tariffs on autos, alcohol and dairy-linked goods",
      "summary": "Trump revived Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930, which lets a president impose up to 50 percent duties on a country that discriminates against U.S. commerce, and signed three proclamations targeting Canada's auto tariffs and quotas, the provincial bans on American alcohol and the cheese tariff-rate quotas. Unlike the fentanyl tariffs, the duties applied regardless of USMCA origin, covering goods from wine to hockey sticks to cement, and were to take effect in 30 days. Carney said Canada had merely matched U.S. measures and was ready to intensify talks.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Mark Carney"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "mark-carney"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/07/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-imposes-additional-tariffs-on-canada/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-07-20",
          "quote": "Today, President Donald J. Trump signed three Proclamations pursuant to Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 to impose additional 50% tariffs on certain goods of Canada in response to Canada’s discriminatory treatment of American products."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/07/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-imposes-additional-tariffs-on-canada/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-07-20",
          "quote": "These Section 338 tariffs apply to all covered goods regardless of whether a good originates under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). These Section 338 tariffs will not apply to energy, potash, products subject to tariffs under Section 232, and certain other goods, such as fish or critical minerals."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/07/20/statement-prime-minister-carney-united-states-administrations-intention",
          "outlet": "Prime Minister of Canada",
          "published": "2026-07-20",
          "quote": "These include tariffs on the Canadian auto sector, in violation of CUSMA. Canada, as is its right, has merely matched those measures. More broadly, in response to these measures and threats to Canadian sovereignty, provinces, territories, and Canadians from coast to coast to coast have stood together, taking the necessary actions to support our economy and defend our workers, farmers, businesses, and families."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "trump-accounts-rollout",
      "id": 734,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/trump-accounts-rollout#n734",
      "date": "2026-07-06",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump rings the opening bell from the Oval Office with the NYSE and Nasdaq; Dell shares jump",
      "summary": "The first market open after the launch was marked by a joint NYSE and Nasdaq bell-ringing in the Oval Office with Bessent and CEOs including Michael Dell. Trump's praise of Dell sent the company's shares sharply higher during the session.",
      "type": "other",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Scott Bessent",
        "New York Stock Exchange",
        "Nasdaq",
        "Michael Dell",
        "Dell Technologies"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "scott-bessent",
        "new-york-stock-exchange",
        "nasdaq",
        "michael-dell",
        "dell-technologies"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0555",
          "outlet": "U.S. Department of the Treasury",
          "published": "2026-07-06",
          "quote": "WASHINGTON, D.C. - Today, the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq joined President Donald J. Trump, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent, and other influential leaders in the Oval Office to ring the opening bell in celebration of the first market opening after the full launch of Trump Accounts."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/07/06/trump-opening-bell-ceo-nyse-nasdaq-stocks-accounts.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2026-07-06",
          "quote": "President Donald Trump promoted Dell Technologies from the White House after ringing the opening bell of the stock market in the Oval Office. Dell stock soared after the remarks."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "trump-accounts-rollout",
      "id": 733,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/trump-accounts-rollout#n733",
      "date": "2026-07-04",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump Accounts go live on the 250th anniversary, with the $1,000 deposits and family contributions starting",
      "summary": "On July 4, 2026 Treasury launched the full app and the accounts themselves: the $1,000 pilot deposits began flowing to eligible children, families could contribute up to $5,000 a year, and balances were invested in low-cost index funds from providers including State Street, BlackRock and Vanguard, locked until age 18.",
      "type": "launch",
      "entities": [
        "U.S. Department of the Treasury",
        "Scott Bessent",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "us-department-of-the-treasury",
        "scott-bessent",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0554",
          "outlet": "U.S. Department of the Treasury",
          "published": "2026-07-04",
          "quote": "The U.S. Department of the Treasury today announced the official launch of the full Trump Accounts app, giving American families a new way to view, manage, and grow their children’s stake in the nation’s economic future."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/07/01/trump-accounts-launch-july-4.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2026-07-01",
          "quote": "July 4 was the official launch date for Trump Accounts, a new savings and investing vehicle for kids under 18 in the U.S. Once a Trump Account is set up, eligible children will receive a one-time $1,000 contribution from the federal government and families can contribute up to $5,000 a year. The funds are generally inaccessible before age 18, when the account converts into a traditional IRA. President Donald Trump speaks about Trump Accounts at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium in Washington, Jan. 28, 2026."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 426,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n426",
      "date": "2026-06-29",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Supreme Court, 5 to 4, keeps Cook in office: governors have for-cause protection and a right to notice and a hearing",
      "summary": "Chief Justice Roberts, joined by Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh and Jackson, denied the government's application to remove Cook while her suit proceeds, holding that the Federal Reserve Act's for-cause protection is constitutional and that a governor must receive notice and some opportunity to respond before removal, which Cook had not. The Court said eliminating that protection was for Congress, even as it had allowed at-will removal at most other independent agencies.",
      "type": "legal",
      "entities": [
        "Supreme Court",
        "Lisa Cook",
        "Donald Trump",
        "John Roberts"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "supreme-court",
        "lisa-cook",
        "donald-trump",
        "john-roberts"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/25a312_5468.pdf",
          "outlet": "Supreme Court of the United States",
          "published": "2026-06-29",
          "quote": "If the Federal Reserve’s for-cause removal protections are to be eliminated, that change must occur through the legislative process."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 424,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n424",
      "date": "2026-05-22",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Warsh sworn in as chair at the White House; the FOMC elects him unanimously",
      "summary": "Justice Clarence Thomas administered the oath in the East Room with Trump present, saying he wanted Warsh to be totally independent. The Fed noted that Trump had formally nominated Warsh on March 4, the Senate had confirmed him as a governor on May 12 and as chair on May 13, and that his term as chair runs to May 21, 2030, with a board term to January 31, 2040. The same day the FOMC unanimously chose him as its chairman.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Kevin Warsh",
        "Federal Reserve",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "kevin-warsh",
        "federal-reserve",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/other20260522a.htm",
          "outlet": "Federal Reserve Board",
          "published": "2026-05-22",
          "quote": "President Donald J. Trump nominated Mr. Warsh on March 4, 2026. He was confirmed by the United States Senate to serve as a member of the Board on May 12, and as chairman of the Board on May 13. His term as chairman ends on May 21, 2030, and his term as a member of the Board ends on January 31, 2040."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "amd-china-export-controls",
      "id": 569,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/amd-china-export-controls#n569",
      "date": "2026-05-18",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Su meets Vice Premier He Lifeng in Beijing days after the Trump–Xi summit, pledging more investment",
      "summary": "At the Great Hall of the People, He Lifeng invited multinationals including AMD to deepen cooperation, citing the outcomes of the May 13 to 15 Xi–Trump summit, and Su said AMD would expand its operations and investment in China. Su had not been part of the executive delegation that travelled with Trump.",
      "type": "other",
      "entities": [
        "AMD",
        "Lisa Su",
        "He Lifeng",
        "Donald Trump",
        "Xi Jinping"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "amd",
        "lisa-su",
        "he-lifeng",
        "donald-trump",
        "xi-jinping"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/technology/articles/lisa-su-meets-chinas-vice-100000801.html",
          "outlet": "Tom's Hardware (via Yahoo Finance)",
          "published": "2026-05-20",
          "quote": "AMD CEO Lisa Su met with Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Monday, pledging to expand AMD's operations and investment in the country days after President Trump's state visit to China."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 442,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n442",
      "date": "2026-03-11",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Judge Boasberg grants the Fed Board's motion to quash subpoenas",
      "summary": "Chief Judge James E. Boasberg granted the Federal Reserve Board's motion to quash Justice Department subpoenas. The ruling concerned the Powell investigation.",
      "type": "legal",
      "entities": [
        "James E. Boasberg",
        "Jerome Powell",
        "Federal Reserve",
        "U.S. Department of Justice",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "james-e-boasberg",
        "jerome-powell",
        "federal-reserve",
        "us-department-of-justice",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/district-of-columbia/dcdce/1%3A2026mc00012/288962/23/0.pdf",
          "outlet": "U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia",
          "published": "2026-03-11",
          "quote": "It will therefore grant the Board's Motion to Quash."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "mortgage-rates-2025-2026",
      "id": 1310,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/mortgage-rates-2025-2026#n1310",
      "date": "2026-02-24",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "The White House claims the falling rate: refinance applications up 132 percent",
      "summary": "A White House release credited the administration with mortgage rates at their lowest level since 2022, refinance applications up 132 percent and the Realtors' affordability index at its highest since March 2022. It listed the US$200 billion directive to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac among the actions taken to lower borrowing costs.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "U.S. government",
        "Fannie Mae",
        "Freddie Mac"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "us-government",
        "fannie-mae",
        "freddie-mac"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2026/02/president-trump-is-restoring-the-american-dream/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-02-24",
          "quote": "President Trump directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to purchase $200 billion in mortgage-backed securities to further drive down borrowing costs."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 845,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n845",
      "date": "2026-02-20",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "The Supreme Court strikes down the IEEPA tariffs; the 35 percent goes, a Section 122 surcharge and the 232 tariffs stay",
      "summary": "In Learning Resources v. Trump the Court held 6 to 3 that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs, ending the 35 percent fentanyl tariff on non-USMCA goods and the 10 percent energy rate. The relief for Canada was limited: about 90 percent of its exports were already exempt, the Section 232 tariffs on steel, aluminum, autos and lumber were untouched, and Trump replaced the lost tariffs with a Section 122 global surcharge from February 24 that exempted CUSMA-compliant goods.",
      "type": "legal",
      "entities": [
        "Supreme Court",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "supreme-court",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.osler.com/en/insights/updates/u-s-supreme-court-strikes-down-ieepa-tariffs-but-global-tariff-introduced/",
          "outlet": "Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt",
          "published": "2026-02",
          "quote": "On February 20, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not authorize the President to impose tariffs. The 6-3 decision in Learning Resources Inc., et al. v."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.osler.com/en/insights/updates/u-s-supreme-court-strikes-down-ieepa-tariffs-but-global-tariff-introduced/",
          "outlet": "Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt",
          "published": "2026-02",
          "quote": "President Trump has already imposed under another legal instrument (Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974), a global tariff on imports, effective February 24, 2026."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/02/imposing-a-temporary-import-surcharge-to-address-fundamental-international-payments-problems/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-02-20",
          "quote": "Accordingly, I impose, for a period of 150 days, a temporary import surcharge of 10 percent ad valorem, as described below, on articles imported into the United States, effective February 24, 2026."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation",
      "id": 344,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n344",
      "date": "2026-02-20",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Same day, Trump imposes a 10% Section 122 surcharge for 150 days to replace the struck-down tariffs",
      "summary": "Hours after the ruling Trump signed Proclamation 11012 under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, a balance-of-payments authority that allows an import surcharge of up to 15% for at most 150 days without Congress. The 10% surcharge applied to imports from all countries from February 24 with product exceptions, and by statute expired on July 24, 2026. Trump called the Court's decision extraordinarily anti-American and briefly raised the rate to 15%, drawing a new suit from 24 states.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Section 122"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "section-122"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/25/2026-03824/imposing-a-temporary-import-surcharge-to-address-fundamental-international-payments-problems",
          "outlet": "Federal Register",
          "published": "2026-02-25",
          "quote": "Specifically, my advisors have determined that an import surcharge in the form of ad valorem duties is required to deal with large and serious United States balance-of-payments deficits."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 983,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n983",
      "date": "2026-02-06",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Proclamation 11010 opens an extra 80,000 tonnes of tariff-free Argentine lean beef",
      "summary": "Trump signed a proclamation temporarily raising the beef tariff-rate quota, letting an additional 80,000 metric tons of Argentine lean beef trimmings in duty-free during 2026 in four quarterly tranches of 20,000 tonnes. Lean trimmings are blended with fattier domestic trimmings to make ground beef, so the action targeted the single most politically visible price in the grocery store.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Argentina",
        "Office of the United States Trade Representative"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "argentina",
        "office-of-the-united-states-trade-representative"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/02/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-ensures-affordable-beef-for-the-american-consumer/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-02-06",
          "quote": "The Proclamation permits an additional 80,000 metric tons of lean beef trimmings per year from Argentina to be imported tariff-free in four quarterly tranches of 20,000 metric tons each."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/02/ensuring-affordable-beef-for-the-american-consumer/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-02-06",
          "quote": "After considering the information provided to me by the Secretary of Agriculture, among other relevant information, I am taking action to temporarily increase the quantity of in-quota imports of lean beef trimmings under the United States beef TRQ to increase the supply of ground beef for United States consumers. 10."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 420,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n420",
      "date": "2026-01-30",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump names Kevin Warsh to succeed Powell as Fed chair",
      "summary": "Ending a search that had run since the summer of 2025 and considered nearly a dozen names, including governors Waller and Bowman, Trump announced on Truth Social that former governor Kevin Warsh, 55, would be his nominee for chair when Powell's term ended in May. Warsh, a Fed governor from 2006 to 2011 who had called for regime change at the central bank, would take the board seat held by Miran, whose term expired the next day. Gold and silver fell on the pick as markets read it as less of a threat to independence.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Kevin Warsh",
        "Jerome Powell",
        "Federal Reserve"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "kevin-warsh",
        "jerome-powell",
        "federal-reserve"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/30/trump-nominates-kevin-warsh-for-federal-reserve-chair-to-succeed-jerome-powell.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2026-01-30",
          "quote": "President Donald Trump on Friday named Kevin Warsh to succeed Jerome Powell as Federal Reserve chair, ending a prolonged odyssey that has seen unprecedented turmoil around the central bank."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/releases/2026/01/wide-acclaim-for-president-trumps-nomination-of-kevin-warsh-as-fed-chair/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2026-01-30",
          "quote": "Today, President Donald J. Trump announced his nomination of Kevin Warsh to serve as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 844,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n844",
      "date": "2026-01-29",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Bombardier enters the war: Trump threatens to decertify Canadian-built aircraft and a 50 percent tariff over Gulfstream",
      "summary": "Trump posted that he was decertifying Bombardier's Global Express jets and all aircraft made in Canada until Canada certified Gulfstream's newest planes, and would charge 50 percent on any aircraft sold into the United States if the situation was not corrected. Bombardier shares fell 9 percent the next morning; a White House official said planes already in service were not affected.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Bombardier",
        "Gulfstream Aerospace"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "bombardier",
        "gulfstream-aerospace"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/1/30/bombardier-stock-dives-on-trump-threats-of-50-tariff-on-canadian-planes",
          "outlet": "Al Jazeera (Reuters)",
          "published": "2026-01-30",
          "quote": "Shares of Canadian aeroplane maker Bombardier have plunged after United States President Donald Trump threatened to decertify the private jet maker’s large-cabin planes “and all Aircraft made in Canada”, and slap 50 percent import tariffs on new planes until Canada certified the latest aircraft produced by US rival Gulfstream."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/1/30/bombardier-stock-dives-on-trump-threats-of-50-tariff-on-canadian-planes",
          "outlet": "Al Jazeera (Reuters)",
          "published": "2026-01-30",
          "quote": "“If, for any reason, this situation is not immediately corrected, I am going to charge Canada a 50% Tariff on any and all aircraft sold into the United States of America,” Trump said in a post on Truth Social."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "trump-accounts-rollout",
      "id": 1526,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/trump-accounts-rollout#n1526",
      "date": "2026-01-28",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump announces Gerstner's $250 Indiana Trump Accounts pledge",
      "summary": "Donald Trump said Brad Gerstner was donating $250 to Trump Accounts for all Indiana children under five. Trump made the statement at the Trump Accounts summit.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Brad Gerstner",
        "Trump Accounts"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "brad-gerstner",
        "trump-accounts"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://rollcall.com/factbase/trump/transcript/donald-trump-remarks-trump-accounts-washington-january-28-2026/",
          "outlet": "Roll Call Factbase transcript",
          "published": "2026-01-28",
          "quote": "“But Brad is donating, listen to this, $250 to Trump accounts for all children under five in Indiana.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.young.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/young-gerstner-in-indy-star-how-trump-accounts-give-indiana-kids-a-financial-head-start/",
          "outlet": "Office of Sen. Todd Young / column by Todd Young and Brad Gerstner",
          "published": "2026-09-22",
          "quote": "“Today, a gift from Brad will give many Hoosier kids $250 toward that future.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.wbiw.com/2026/09/22/indiana-native-and-altimeter-capital-founder-commits-250-per-child-to-jump-start-trump-accounts-for-eligible-hoosier-children-born-in-2023-and-2024/",
          "outlet": "WBIW",
          "published": "2026-09-22",
          "quote": "“Every Hoosier kid deserves a real shot at the American dream,” Gerstner added."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 843,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n843",
      "date": "2026-01-24",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump threatens 100 percent tariffs over Canada's China deal; Carney says there is no free-trade agreement",
      "summary": "Days after Carney's Davos speech about middle powers and economic coercion, and after Ottawa and Beijing agreed to lower tariffs on Chinese EVs and Canadian canola, Trump posted that 'Governor Carney' would not make Canada a drop-off port for China and threatened 100 percent tariffs if Canada made a deal. Carney said Canada had no intention of pursuing a free-trade agreement with China and that the arrangement was consistent with CUSMA.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Mark Carney"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "mark-carney"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/24/business/trump-canada-tariff-threat",
          "outlet": "CNN",
          "published": "2026-01-24",
          "quote": "President Donald Trump on Saturday threatened to slap 100% tariffs on Canadian imports if America’s second-biggest trading partner makes a trade deal with China."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/24/business/trump-canada-tariff-threat",
          "outlet": "CNN",
          "published": "2026-01-24",
          "quote": "Earlier this month, Carney met with Chinese President Xi Jinping on his turf, where they formed a “new strategic partnership,” with Canada easing tariffs on Chinese EVs and allowing up to 49,000 Chinese electric vehicles into its market annually."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/26/canada-china-trade-deal-tariffs-trump.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2026-01-26",
          "quote": "Canada has \"no intention\" of pursuing a free trade deal with China, Prime Minister Mark Carney said, after U.S. President Donald Trump threatened to slap punitive tariffs on Ottawa."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "amd-china-export-controls",
      "id": 564,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/amd-china-export-controls#n564",
      "date": "2026-01-13",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "BIS moves the MI325X, alongside Nvidia's H200, to case-by-case review with security conditions",
      "summary": "Following Trump's December 8 decision to allow H200-class sales to approved Chinese customers, BIS revised its licensing policy so that applications for the H200, the AMD MI325X and similar chips are reviewed case by case rather than under a presumption of denial. Applicants must show exports will not shrink capacity available to US customers, that the buyer screens its own customers, and that the chips pass independent third-party testing in the United States.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "U.S. Department of Commerce",
        "AMD",
        "Nvidia",
        "Donald Trump",
        "MI325X"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "us-department-of-commerce",
        "amd",
        "nvidia",
        "donald-trump",
        "mi325x"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.bis.gov/press-release/department-commerce-revises-license-review-policy-semiconductors-exported-china",
          "outlet": "Bureau of Industry and Security",
          "published": "2026-01-13",
          "quote": "BIS will now review export license applications for the Nvidia H200, AMD MI325X, and similar chips on a case-by-case basis provided certain security requirements are met."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 436,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n436",
      "date": "2026-01-11",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Powell calls Justice Department subpoenas pretexts",
      "summary": "Jerome H. Powell said the Justice Department subpoenas were pretexts. The statement concerned subpoenas served on the Federal Reserve Board.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Jerome Powell",
        "Federal Reserve",
        "U.S. Department of Justice",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "jerome-powell",
        "federal-reserve",
        "us-department-of-justice",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/files/powell20260111a.pdf",
          "outlet": "Federal Reserve Board",
          "published": "2026-01-11",
          "quote": "Those are pretexts."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "mortgage-rates-2025-2026",
      "id": 1308,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/mortgage-rates-2025-2026#n1308",
      "date": "2026-01-08",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump orders $200 billion of mortgage-bond buying to push rates down",
      "summary": "In a Truth Social post, Trump said he was instructing his representatives to buy US$200 billion in mortgage bonds, arguing that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had the cash because he had not sold them in his first term. The Federal Reserve has traditionally been the largest buyer of mortgage-backed securities.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Fannie Mae",
        "Freddie Mac"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "fannie-mae",
        "freddie-mac"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/08/business/mortgage-bonds-trump-purchase-rates",
          "outlet": "CNN",
          "published": "2026-01-08",
          "quote": "President Donald Trump said Thursday he had ordered “my representatives” to buy $200 billion in mortgage bonds in an attempt to drive down interest rates and monthly payments, writing in a Truth Social post."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "nvidia-china-export-controls",
      "id": 58,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/nvidia-china-export-controls#n58",
      "date": "2025-12-08",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump allows H200 sales to approved Chinese customers with a 25 percent cut for the US",
      "summary": "The Trump administration reversed course and said Nvidia could sell its H200 to approved commercial\ncustomers in China vetted by the Commerce Department, with 25 percent of the revenue going to the U.S.\ngovernment. Nvidia welcomed the decision.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Nvidia",
        "H200",
        "U.S. Department of Commerce"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "nvidia",
        "h200",
        "us-department-of-commerce"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2025/12/09/nvidia_h200s_china_ai",
          "outlet": "The Register",
          "published": "2025-12-09",
          "quote": "Offering H200 to approved commercial customers, vetted by the Department of Commerce, strikes a thoughtful balance that is great for America."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.bis.gov/press-release/department-commerce-revises-license-review-policy-semiconductors-exported-china",
          "outlet": "U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security",
          "published": "2026-01-13",
          "quote": "Today’s rule follows President Trump’s December 8, 2025 announcement that the United States will allow the H200 and similar products to be shipped to approved customers in China to strengthen national security."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 981,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n981",
      "date": "2025-12-06",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Executive Order 14364 sets up food supply chain task forces at DOJ and the FTC",
      "summary": "The order told the Attorney General and the FTC chairman each to stand up a Food Supply Chain Security Task Force to investigate whether anti-competitive behaviour exists in US food supply chains, and whether foreign control of food industries raises prices or creates a national security risk. It named meat processing alongside seed, fertiliser and equipment, and directed the Attorney General to open criminal proceedings if the task force found collusion.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "U.S. Department of Justice",
        "Federal Trade Commission"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "us-department-of-justice",
        "federal-trade-commission"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/eo-14364.pdf",
          "outlet": "Federal Register (Presidential Documents)",
          "published": "2025-12-10",
          "quote": "Should the Department of Justice Food Supply Chain Security Task Force uncover any evidence of criminal collusion, the Attorney General shall commence criminal proceedings as appropriate, including grand jury investigations."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "trump-accounts-rollout",
      "id": 726,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/trump-accounts-rollout#n726",
      "date": "2025-12-02",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Michael and Susan Dell pledge $6.25 billion to put $250 into 25 million children's accounts",
      "summary": "The Dells announced the largest gift the program had drawn: $250 for every child aged 10 and under living in a ZIP code with median income of $150,000 or less, roughly 25 million children, extending the accounts' reach beyond the newborns covered by the federal $1,000. Trump announced it at the White House with the Dells; the money began landing in accounts in September 2026.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Michael Dell",
        "Susan Dell",
        "Dell Foundation",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "michael-dell",
        "susan-dell",
        "dell-foundation",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.axios.com/2025/12/02/trump-accounts-dell-donation-25-million-kids",
          "outlet": "Axios",
          "published": "2025-12-02",
          "quote": "Tech mogul Michael Dell said Tuesday he will pledge $6.25 billion to fund 25 million \"Trump accounts\" for kids."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/releases/2025/12/landmark-dell-gift-supercharges-trump-accounts-for-americas-kids/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-12-02",
          "quote": "Thanks to the Dell’s unprecedented gift, the first 25 million American children age 10 and under living in ZIP codes with median incomes below $150,000 will receive an additional $250."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "mortgage-rates-2025-2026",
      "id": 1307,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/mortgage-rates-2025-2026#n1307",
      "date": "2025-11-08",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump floats a 50-year mortgage, and the FHFA says it is working on one",
      "summary": "Trump posted an image on Truth Social pairing Franklin Roosevelt under the words 30-year mortgage with himself under 50-year mortgage. FHFA Director Bill Pulte confirmed on X that the agency was working on the product, calling it a game changer. No detail was published on the White House press page, and a 50-year term would not meet the qualified-mortgage rules written after 2008.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Bill Pulte",
        "Federal Housing Finance Agency"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "bill-pulte",
        "federal-housing-finance-agency"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.housingwire.com/articles/trump-proposes-50-year-mortgage-to-help-affordability/",
          "outlet": "HousingWire",
          "published": null,
          "quote": "Thanks to President Trump, we are indeed working on The 50 year Mortgage – a complete game changer."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 980,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n980",
      "date": "2025-11-07",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump orders a Justice Department investigation of the meatpackers",
      "summary": "In a Truth Social post, Trump said he had asked the Justice Department to investigate the meatpacking industry for collusion and price fixing, arguing that ranchers were being blamed for prices set by what he called majority foreign-owned packers. Ground beef was up about 13 percent year over year at the time, rising faster than almost anything else in the Consumer Price Index.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "U.S. Department of Justice"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "us-department-of-justice"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.axios.com/2025/11/07/trump-beef-doj",
          "outlet": "Axios",
          "published": "2025-11-07",
          "quote": "\"Action must be taken immediately to protect Consumers, combat Illegal Monopolies, and ensure these Corporations are not criminally profiting at the expense of the American People,\" Trump wrote."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-orders-doj-investigate-meatpacking-companies-illicit-collusion-amid-rising-beef-prices",
          "outlet": "Fox Business",
          "published": "2025-11-07",
          "quote": "\"I have asked the DOJ to immediately begin an investigation into the Meat Packing Companies who are driving up the price of Beef through Illicit Collusion, Price Fixing, and Price Manipulation,\" Trump wrote."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "student-loan-repayment-overhaul",
      "id": 515,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/student-loan-repayment-overhaul#n515",
      "date": "2025-10-30",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "PSLF final rule lets the Secretary disqualify employers with a 'substantial illegal purpose'",
      "summary": "The department finalized a rule, effective July 1, 2026, amending the definition of a qualifying Public Service Loan Forgiveness employer to exclude organizations it finds engage in illegal activity such as supporting terrorism, aiding illegal immigration or providing gender-transition care to minors. It followed Executive Order 14235 of March 7, 2025, a July negotiated rulemaking and nearly 14,000 public comments.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "U.S. Department of Education",
        "Nicholas Kent",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "us-department-of-education",
        "nicholas-kent",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-announces-final-rule-public-service-loan-forgiveness-protect-american-taxpayers",
          "outlet": "U.S. Department of Education",
          "published": "2025-10-30",
          "quote": "The final rule amends the definition of “qualifying employer” to exclude organizations that engage in unlawful activities such that they have a substantial illegal purpose, including supporting terrorism and aiding and abetting illegal immigration."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 842,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n842",
      "date": "2025-10-25",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Another 10 percent 'over and above' after the ad airs during the World Series",
      "summary": "Ford agreed to pull the ad from Monday but let it run through the weekend's World Series games between the Dodgers and the Blue Jays. From Air Force One on the way to Asia, Trump announced a further 10 percent tariff on Canada on top of existing rates. Trade minister Dominic LeBlanc said Canada still hoped for constructive discussions.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Doug Ford",
        "Dominic LeBlanc"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "doug-ford",
        "dominic-leblanc"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/25/business/trump-tariffs-canada-reagan",
          "outlet": "CNN",
          "published": "2025-10-25",
          "quote": "President Donald Trump said Saturday he is increasing the tariff on Canada by 10% over current levels, further escalating trade tensions over what he called a “fake” ad that featured parts of an anti-tariff speech by former President Ronald Reagan in 1987."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/25/business/trump-tariffs-canada-reagan",
          "outlet": "CNN",
          "published": "2025-10-25",
          "quote": "Ontario Premier Doug Ford said Friday that he spoke with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, and that the US ad campaign would pause on Monday “so that trade talks can resume.”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 841,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n841",
      "date": "2025-10-23",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump terminates talks over Ontario's Reagan ad",
      "summary": "Ontario Premier Doug Ford's government had spent C$75 million to run a U.S. television ad built from Ronald Reagan's 1987 radio address against tariffs. Late on October 23, after the Reagan Foundation complained the speech was edited without permission, Trump posted that all trade negotiations with Canada were terminated, accusing Canada of a fraudulent ad meant to sway the Supreme Court's pending tariff case.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Doug Ford",
        "Ontario",
        "Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Institute"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "doug-ford",
        "ontario",
        "ronald-reagan-presidential-foundation-and-institute"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/24/trump-canada-trade-reagan.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-10-24",
          "quote": "Trump late Thursday night cited a complaint about the ad by The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Institute for his decision to end talks."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/24/trump-canada-trade-reagan.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-10-24",
          "quote": "\"TARIFFS ARE VERY IMPORTANT TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY, AND ECONOMY, OF THE U.S.A. Based on their egregious behavior, ALL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS WITH CANADA ARE HEREBY TERMINATED,\" Trump wrote in a Truth Social post."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-beef-prices",
      "id": 979,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-beef-prices#n979",
      "date": "2025-10-20",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump floats buying Argentine beef, and cattle groups object",
      "summary": "Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One, Trump said the United States would buy beef from Argentina to bring prices down and to help Buenos Aires. The National Cattlemen's Beef Association objected that the move rewarded a country that sells far more beef to the US than it buys, and Senator Chuck Grassley told AgriTalk the president ought to stop talking about beef prices.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "National Cattlemen's Beef Association",
        "Colin Woodall",
        "Chuck Grassley"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "national-cattlemens-beef-association",
        "colin-woodall",
        "chuck-grassley"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.drovers.com/news/industry/argentina-beef-answer-lowering-beef-prices",
          "outlet": "Drovers",
          "published": "2025-10-20",
          "quote": "\"We would buy some beef from Argentina,\" he told reporters aboard Air Force One during a flight from Florida to Washington."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 415,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n415",
      "date": "2025-09-16",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Stephen Miran sworn in as governor the day before the meeting, on leave from the White House",
      "summary": "The chair of the Council of Economic Advisers took the oath as a Fed governor one day after a party-line Senate confirmation and two weeks after his nomination, filling Adriana Kugler's seat with a term ending January 31, 2026. He took unpaid leave from the White House rather than resigning, which drew criticism about the Fed's independence, and voted at the next day's meeting.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Stephen Miran",
        "Federal Reserve",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "stephen-miran",
        "federal-reserve",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/other20250916a.htm",
          "outlet": "Federal Reserve Board",
          "published": "2025-09-16",
          "quote": "President Trump nominated Dr. Miran on September 2, 2025, and he was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 15, 2025. His term as a member of the Board ends on January 31, 2026."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "fed-rate-path-2025-2026",
      "id": 414,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/fed-rate-path-2025-2026#n414",
      "date": "2025-08-25",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump says he is firing Governor Lisa Cook over mortgage-fraud allegations; Cook refuses to go",
      "summary": "In a letter posted on Truth Social the president said he was removing Cook for cause, effective immediately, citing FHFA director Bill Pulte's allegation that she had claimed two primary residences in 2021. No president had ever removed a Fed governor. Cook said no cause existed and she would not resign, hired Abbe Lowell and sued; a district court and the D.C. Circuit let her keep her seat while the case went to the Supreme Court.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Lisa Cook",
        "Bill Pulte",
        "Federal Reserve"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "lisa-cook",
        "bill-pulte",
        "federal-reserve"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trump-says-hes-firing-federal-reserve-governor-lisa-cook-she-says-she-wont-resign",
          "outlet": "PBS News (AP)",
          "published": "2025-08-25",
          "quote": "Trump said in a letter posted on his Truth Social platform that he is removing Cook effective immediately because of allegations that she committed mortgage fraud."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 840,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n840",
      "date": "2025-08-22",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Carney drops the counter-tariffs on USMCA goods from September 1, keeping steel, aluminum and autos",
      "summary": "After a call with Trump, Carney announced Canada would match the U.S. exemption by removing its tariffs on American goods covered by USMCA, saying the two countries had re-established free trade for the vast majority of goods and that Canada had the best deal of any U.S. partner. The steel, aluminum and auto counter-tariffs stayed. Critics asked whether 'elbows up' had become folding; the White House called the move long overdue.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "Mark Carney",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "mark-carney",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/22/canada-to-ease-most-retaliatory-tariffs-against-united-states",
          "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
          "published": "2025-08-22",
          "quote": "“In this context and consistent with Canada’s commitment to USMCA, I am announcing today that the Canadian government will now match the United States by removing all of Canada’s tariffs on US goods specifically covered under USMCA,” said Carney, noting that the change would take effect on September 1."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/22/canada-to-ease-most-retaliatory-tariffs-against-united-states",
          "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
          "published": "2025-08-22",
          "quote": "Some tariffs on sectors such as steel, aluminium, and cars will remain in place."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "intel-foundry-18a",
      "id": 80,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/intel-foundry-18a#n80",
      "date": "2025-08-22",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "US government takes a 9.9 percent stake in Intel for US$8.9 billion, funded from unpaid CHIPS grants",
      "summary": "Intel agreed to sell the U.S. government 433.3 million new shares at US$20.47 each, a 9.9 percent stake,\npaid for with US$5.7 billion of CHIPS Act grants that had been awarded but not disbursed and US$3.2\nbillion from the Secure Enclave program. The stake is passive, with no board seat.",
      "type": "financial",
      "entities": [
        "Intel",
        "U.S. Department of Commerce",
        "Donald Trump",
        "Lip-Bu Tan"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "intel",
        "us-department-of-commerce",
        "donald-trump",
        "lip-bu-tan"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://newsroom.intel.com/corporate/intel-and-trump-administration-reach-historic-agreement",
          "outlet": "Intel Newsroom",
          "published": "2025-08-22",
          "quote": "Under the terms of today’s announcement, the government agrees to purchase 433.3 million primary shares of Intel common stock at a price of $20.47 per share, equivalent to a 9.9 percent stake in the company."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "amd-china-export-controls",
      "id": 572,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/amd-china-export-controls#n572",
      "date": "2025-08-15",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Six senators urge Trump to reverse AMD and Nvidia China chip arrangement",
      "summary": "Six U.S. senators wrote to President Donald Trump asking him to reverse the arrangement allowing AMD and Nvidia to sell advanced AI chips to the People's Republic of China for a fee. The letter said the sales conflicted with U.S. national-security interests and questioned the fee's legal basis.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "AMD",
        "Nvidia",
        "Donald Trump",
        "Mark Warner",
        "Charles Schumer",
        "Jack Reed",
        "Jeanne Shaheen",
        "Chris Coons",
        "Elizabeth Warren"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "amd",
        "nvidia",
        "donald-trump",
        "mark-warner",
        "charles-schumer",
        "jack-reed",
        "jeanne-shaheen",
        "chris-coons",
        "elizabeth-warren"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.warner.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/3/a/3a2a1db4-65d2-4377-822a-5f245d53b28f/62DE3F69670AE9734557935EEC1CB6A941532F5BA23C1E543B74B4EECAD3D420.250815.trump-senate-15-percent-fee-letter.signed.pdf",
          "outlet": "U.S. Senators Mark Warner, Charles Schumer, Jack Reed, Jeanne Shaheen, Chris Coons and Elizabeth Warren",
          "published": "2025-08-15",
          "quote": "“We write to urge you to reverse your decision to allow AMD and Nvidia to sell advanced AI semiconductor chips (“covered chips”) to the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”), in exchange for a fee.”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "amd-china-export-controls",
      "id": 559,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/amd-china-export-controls#n559",
      "date": "2025-08-11",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "White House confirms Nvidia and AMD will hand over 15 percent of China chip revenue for their licenses",
      "summary": "After the Financial Times reported the arrangement, a White House official confirmed to CBS News that Nvidia and AMD had agreed to pay the US government 15 percent of revenue from H20 and MI308 sales in China as a condition of the export licenses granted the previous week. No regulation was published, a point AMD would later flag to investors.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "AMD",
        "Nvidia",
        "Donald Trump",
        "U.S. Department of Commerce",
        "MI308"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "amd",
        "nvidia",
        "donald-trump",
        "us-department-of-commerce",
        "mi308"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nvidia-amd-chip-sales-china-15-percent-h20-mi308/",
          "outlet": "CBS News",
          "published": "2025-08-11",
          "quote": "U.S. chipmakers Nvidia and AMD will pay the U.S. government 15% of revenue generated by sales of their AI chips in China, a White House official confirmed to CBS News."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "nvidia-china-export-controls",
      "id": 53,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/nvidia-china-export-controls#n53",
      "date": "2025-08-11",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Nvidia and AMD to pay the US government 15 percent of H20 and MI308 revenue from China",
      "summary": "Reports, first from the Financial Times, said Nvidia and AMD had agreed to hand the U.S. government 15\npercent of revenue from H20 and MI308 sales in China as the condition for export licenses. The Register\ndescribed the arrangement as revealed that week; President Trump confirmed the terms publicly.",
      "type": "report",
      "entities": [
        "Nvidia",
        "AMD",
        "Donald Trump",
        "H20"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "nvidia",
        "amd",
        "donald-trump",
        "h20"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2025/08/12/china_nvidia_h20/",
          "outlet": "The Register",
          "published": "2025-08-12",
          "quote": "This deal, it was revealed this week, involved cutting Uncle Sam a check for 15 percent of H20 and MI308 revenues."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 839,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n839",
      "date": "2025-07-31",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "The 35 percent order is signed; USMCA goods stay exempt and transshipment pays 40 percent",
      "summary": "With no deal by August 1, Trump signed the executive order lifting the IEEPA tariff on non-USMCA Canadian goods from 25 to 35 percent, citing continued fentanyl flows and Canada's retaliation. Goods qualifying under USMCA remained exempt, which kept the practical hit far smaller than the headline rate, and goods transshipped to evade the tariff faced 40 percent.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/07/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-amends-duties-to-address-the-flow-of-illicit-drugs-across-our-northern-border",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-07-31",
          "quote": "Today, President Donald J. Trump signed an Executive Order increasing the tariff on Canada from 25% to 35%, with the higher tariff set to go into effect on August 1, 2025."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/07/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-amends-duties-to-address-the-flow-of-illicit-drugs-across-our-northern-border",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-07-31",
          "quote": "Goods qualifying for preferential tariff treatment under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) continue to remain not subject to the IEEPA Canada tariffs. Goods transshipped to evade the 35% tariff will be subject, instead, to a transshipment tariff of 40%."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "amd-china-export-controls",
      "id": 557,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/amd-china-export-controls#n557",
      "date": "2025-07-15",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Commerce will resume reviewing MI308 licenses; AMD says shipments will restart once approved",
      "summary": "The day after Nvidia said it had been assured H20 licenses would be granted, AMD said the Commerce Department would move forward with its MI308 license applications and that it planned to resume shipments as approvals came, praising the administration's trade negotiations. The stock rose more than 6 percent.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "AMD",
        "U.S. Department of Commerce",
        "Nvidia",
        "Donald Trump",
        "MI308"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "amd",
        "us-department-of-commerce",
        "nvidia",
        "donald-trump",
        "mi308"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/15/amd-mi308-ai-chip-china.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-07-15",
          "quote": "The company said Tuesday that the U.S. Commerce Department plans to resume reviewing its license applications to send the products to the world's second-largest economy. AMD said it plans to start shipments once those are approved."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 838,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n838",
      "date": "2025-07-10",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump's letter to Carney: 35 percent from August 1, more if Canada retaliates",
      "summary": "Instead of the July 21 deal, Carney got a letter posted to Truth Social raising the fentanyl tariff to 35 percent from August 1, citing Canada's retaliation and its dairy and other trade barriers. Trump warned that any Canadian increase would be added to the 35 percent. Carney replied that Canada had made vital progress on fentanyl and would keep defending its workers toward the new deadline.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Mark Carney"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "mark-carney"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/11/trump-announces-35percent-tariffs-on-canada-starting-aug-1.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-07-11",
          "quote": "U.S. President Donald Trump on Thursday raised tariffs on Canadian imports to 35%, effective Aug. 1, complaining that Ottawa had retaliated with duties against Washington."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/11/trump-announces-35percent-tariffs-on-canada-starting-aug-1.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-07-11",
          "quote": "\"If for any reason you decide to raise your Tariffs, then, whatever the number you choose to raise them by, will be added onto the 35% that we charge,\" Trump said Thursday."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "trump-accounts-rollout",
      "id": 725,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/trump-accounts-rollout#n725",
      "date": "2025-07-04",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "The One Big Beautiful Bill Act creates Trump Accounts: $1,000 for babies born 2025 through 2028",
      "summary": "The law signed on July 4 added section 530A to the tax code: a tax-deferred account for every child under 18 with a Social Security number, a one-time $1,000 Treasury deposit for children born from January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2028, contributions of up to $5,000 a year (employers up to $2,500 of that), investment limited to low-cost US index funds, no withdrawals until 18, and accounts opening no earlier than July 4, 2026.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "U.S. Congress",
        "U.S. Department of the Treasury"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "us-congress",
        "us-department-of-the-treasury"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/releases/2025/07/president-trumps-one-big-beautiful-bill-is-now-the-law/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-07-04",
          "quote": "Today, President Donald J. Trump officially signed The One Big Beautiful Bill into law — a once-in-a-generation piece of legislation that makes good on his campaign promises and puts America First."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "student-loan-repayment-overhaul",
      "id": 510,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/student-loan-repayment-overhaul#n510",
      "date": "2025-07-04",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "The One Big Beautiful Bill Act rewrites federal student lending: RAP, loan caps, Grad PLUS ends",
      "summary": "President Trump signed the reconciliation law (P.L. 119-21, later rebranded by the administration as the Working Families Tax Cuts Act). For student loans it created the Repayment Assistance Plan and a Tiered Standard plan, ended Grad PLUS for new borrowers and capped graduate ($20,500 a year, $100,000 total), professional ($50,000, $200,000) and Parent PLUS borrowing from July 1, 2026, sunset SAVE, PAYE and ICR by July 1, 2028, and allowed a second loan rehabilitation. Some provisions, such as dropping IBR's partial-financial-hardship test, took effect immediately.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "U.S. Congress",
        "U.S. Department of Education",
        "Federal Student Aid"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "us-congress",
        "us-department-of-education",
        "federal-student-aid"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://fsapartners.ed.gov/knowledge-center/library/dear-colleague-letters/2025-07-18/federal-student-loan-program-provisions-effective-upon-enactment-under-one-big-beautiful-bill-act",
          "outlet": "Federal Student Aid (Dear Colleague Letter GEN-25-04)",
          "published": "2025-07-18",
          "quote": "On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (P.L. 119-21) (OBBB) into law. The OBBB contains numerous provisions that amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) and impact the administration of Title IV, HEA programs. Many of the changes under the OBBB will be implemented on July 1, 2026 and over the subsequent years."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "social-security-2027-cola",
      "id": 374,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/social-security-2027-cola#n374",
      "date": "2025-07-03",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "SSA hails the One Big Beautiful Bill as ending taxes on benefits for nearly 90% of recipients, then corrects itself",
      "summary": "Hours after Congress passed the tax and spending law, the agency issued a press release and a mass email saying nearly 90 percent of beneficiaries would no longer pay federal income tax on their benefits. The law in fact adds a temporary $6,000 deduction for taxpayers 65 and over for 2025 through 2028 and leaves benefit taxation in place; the agency posted a correction on July 7 after tax experts objected. The lost benefit-tax revenue would later show up as a quarter of the deterioration in the 2026 trustees report.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Social Security Administration",
        "Frank Bisignano",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "social-security-administration",
        "frank-bisignano",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ssa.gov/news/en/press/releases/2025-07-03.html",
          "outlet": "Social Security Administration",
          "published": "2025-07-03",
          "quote": "The bill ensures that nearly 90% of Social Security beneficiaries will no longer pay federal income taxes on their benefits, providing meaningful and immediate relief to seniors who have spent a lifetime contributing to our nation's economy."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 837,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n837",
      "date": "2025-06-29",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Canada scraps its digital services tax two days after Trump ends talks over it",
      "summary": "On June 27 Trump said he was terminating all trade discussions with Canada over the 3 percent digital services tax on U.S. tech companies, due for its first collection on June 30. On June 29 Finance Minister François-Philippe Champagne rescinded the tax, and the two leaders agreed to resume negotiations toward a deal by July 21, the deadline set at the G7 summit in Kananaskis.",
      "type": "response",
      "entities": [
        "François-Philippe Champagne",
        "Mark Carney",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "fran-ois-philippe-champagne",
        "mark-carney",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2025/06/canada-rescinds-digital-services-tax-to-advance-broader-trade-negotiations-with-the-united-states.html",
          "outlet": "Department of Finance Canada",
          "published": "2025-06-29",
          "quote": "To support those negotiations, the Minister of Finance and National Revenue, the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, announced today that Canada would rescind the Digital Services Tax (DST) in anticipation of a mutually beneficial comprehensive trade arrangement with the United States. Consistent with this action, Prime Minister Carney and President Trump have agreed that parties will resume negotiations with a view towards agreeing on a deal by July 21, 2025."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/11/trump-announces-35percent-tariffs-on-canada-starting-aug-1.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-07-11",
          "quote": "Trump had threatened to end all trade discussions with Canada, one of its largest trading partners, over Ottawa's \"digital services tax\" on American firms. Canada withdrew that tax in order to restart trade talks with Washington."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "trump-accounts-rollout",
      "id": 724,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/trump-accounts-rollout#n724",
      "date": "2025-06-09",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump hosts CEOs at the White House to sell the $1,000 'Trump Accounts'; Dell pledges to match for employees' children",
      "summary": "Weeks after the House passed its reconciliation bill, Trump convened Michael Dell, Uber's Dara Khosrowshahi, Goldman Sachs' David Solomon, Robinhood's Vlad Tenev and others to promote the child investment accounts, renamed from 'MAGA accounts' in the House text. Dell pledged $1,000 for each new child of a Dell employee; the other CEOs promised contributions 'at a level appropriate to their company'. Investor Brad Gerstner's Invest America campaign had pushed the idea.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Michael Dell",
        "Dell Technologies",
        "Uber",
        "Goldman Sachs",
        "Robinhood",
        "Brad Gerstner"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "michael-dell",
        "dell-technologies",
        "uber",
        "goldman-sachs",
        "robinhood",
        "brad-gerstner"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2025/06/trump-accounts/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-06-09",
          "quote": "Today, President Donald J. Trump joined top business leaders and lawmakers to hail the creation of “Trump Accounts” — a provision in the One Big Beautiful Bill that will create tax-deferred investment accounts for all newborn American children. Trump Accounts for newborns will be seeded with a one-time government contribution of $1,000."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/09/trump-accounts-uber-dell-ceo.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-06-09",
          "quote": "Dell Technologies pledged Monday to provide the same amount for so-called Trump accounts for new children of its employees."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 836,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n836",
      "date": "2025-06-04",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Steel and aluminum tariffs double to 50 percent",
      "summary": "Trump's proclamation raised the Section 232 tariff on steel and aluminum from 25 to 50 percent, with only the United Kingdom left at 25 percent. For Canada, which ships more of both metals to the United States than any other country, the rate made much of that trade uneconomic, and it stayed at 50 percent through every later negotiation.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/06/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-increases-section-232-tariffs-on-steel-and-aluminum/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-06-03",
          "quote": "President Trump is raising the tariff on steel and aluminum imports from 25% to 50%, with the higher tariff set to go into effect on June 4, 2025."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 835,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n835",
      "date": "2025-05-06",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "In the Oval Office, Carney tells Trump Canada 'won't be for sale ever'; Trump: 'never say never'",
      "summary": "A week after winning the election on an anti-Trump platform, Carney sat beside Trump for a cordial but pointed first meeting. Trump said there was nothing Carney could say to make him lift the tariffs, and that morning had posted that the United States was subsidizing Canada by $200 billion a year and did not need its cars, energy or lumber.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Mark Carney",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "mark-carney",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/06/trump-canada-carney-tariffs-trade.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-05-06",
          "quote": "Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney told President Donald Trump on Tuesday that his country will never be for sale, shutting down the U.S. president's repeated calls to make Canada the 51st state."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/06/trump-canada-carney-tariffs-trade.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-05-06",
          "quote": "Canada is \"not for sale\" and \"won't be for sale ever,\" the prime minister said. Trump replied: \"Never say never.\""
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation",
      "id": 354,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n354",
      "date": "2025-04-23",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Oregon and allied states file IEEPA tariff challenge",
      "summary": "Oregon and allied states filed a complaint in Oregon v. Trump at the Court of International Trade. The case challenged executive orders increasing tariffs under IEEPA.",
      "type": "legal",
      "entities": [
        "State of Oregon",
        "Court of International Trade",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "state-of-oregon",
        "court-of-international-trade",
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.doj.state.or.us/oregon-department-of-justice/federal-oversight/federal-litigation-tracker/tariffs-oregon-v-trump-u-s-court-of-international-trade-125-cv-00077/",
          "outlet": "Oregon Department of Justice",
          "published": "2025-04-23",
          "quote": "On 4/23/25, the plaintiff filed their complaint."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation",
      "id": 339,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n339",
      "date": "2025-04-02",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Executive Order 14257: a 10% worldwide tariff and higher reciprocal rates on dozens of countries",
      "summary": "On what the White House called Liberation Day, Executive Order 14257 declared a national emergency over the $1.2 trillion goods trade deficit and used IEEPA to impose a 10% duty on imports from nearly every country from April 5, with country-specific rates of up to about 50% for around 60 trading partners from April 9. Rates were then repeatedly modified: the higher rates were suspended for 90 days, China's rate was raised to 125% and later cut, and the pause was extended into August. These are the reciprocal tariffs at the centre of the litigation.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "IEEPA"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "ieepa"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/07/2025-06063/regulating-imports-with-a-reciprocal-tariff-to-rectify-trade-practices-that-contribute-to-large-and",
          "outlet": "Federal Register",
          "published": "2025-04-07",
          "quote": "I have declared a national emergency arising from conditions reflected in large and persistent annual U.S. goods trade deficits, which have grown by over 40 percent in the past 5 years alone, reaching $1.2 trillion in 2024."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 833,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n833",
      "date": "2025-03-27",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Carney: the old relationship with the United States 'is over'",
      "summary": "The day after Trump announced 25 percent tariffs on imported vehicles, new Prime Minister Mark Carney told reporters after a cabinet meeting that the relationship built on deepening economic integration and security cooperation was over, that the United States was no longer a reliable partner, and that Canada would have to dramatically reduce its reliance on it. The line became the frame for his election campaign and his government's trade strategy.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Mark Carney",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
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        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/27/americas/canada-trump-tariffs-response-latam-intl",
          "outlet": "CNN",
          "published": "2025-03-27",
          "quote": "“The old relationship we had with the United States based on deepening integration of our economies and tight security and military cooperation is over,” he said."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/27/americas/canada-trump-tariffs-response-latam-intl",
          "outlet": "CNN",
          "published": "2025-03-27",
          "quote": "Canada will have to “dramatically reduce” its reliance on the United States as the two countries’ relationship darkens, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney warned on Thursday, adding that the old bilateral relationship was “over.”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 831,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n831",
      "date": "2025-03-06",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Two days in, USMCA-compliant goods are exempted after the automakers call",
      "summary": "After Ford, GM and Stellantis executives lobbied the White House, Trump amended the orders so that goods qualifying for USMCA preference paid no tariff, energy and potash outside the agreement paid 10 percent, and everything else paid 25 percent. The exemption, which covered roughly 90 percent of Canadian exports, defined the shape of the fentanyl tariffs for the next year.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/03/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-adjusts-tariffs-on-canada-and-mexico-to-minimize-disruption-to-the-automotive-industry/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-03-06",
          "quote": "Today, President Donald J. Trump announced adjustments to tariffs imposed on imports from Canada and Mexico in recognition of the structure of the automotive supply chain that strives to bring production into America."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/03/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-adjusts-tariffs-on-canada-and-mexico-to-minimize-disruption-to-the-automotive-industry/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-03-06",
          "quote": "No tariffs on those goods from Canada and Mexico that claim and qualify for USMCA preference."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 830,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n830",
      "date": "2025-03-04",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "The tariffs take effect; Canada's first C$30 billion of counter-tariffs start the next morning",
      "summary": "When the pause ran out, the 25 percent tariff and the 10 percent energy tariff took effect on March 4. Trudeau said less than 1 percent of fentanyl intercepted at the U.S. border came from Canada and that seizures had fallen 97 percent, and put the first C$30 billion tranche of counter-tariffs in place at 12:01 a.m. the next day, with the remaining C$125 billion to follow in 21 days.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Justin Trudeau"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "justin-trudeau"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2025/03/03/statement-prime-minister-trudeau-on-unjustified-us-tariffs-against-canada",
          "outlet": "Prime Minister of Canada",
          "published": "2025-03-03",
          "quote": "Today, after a 30-day pause, the United States administration has decided to proceed with imposing 25 per cent tariffs on Canadian exports and 10 per cent tariffs on Canadian energy."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2025/03/03/statement-prime-minister-trudeau-on-unjustified-us-tariffs-against-canada",
          "outlet": "Prime Minister of Canada",
          "published": "2025-03-03",
          "quote": "Should American tariffs come into effect tonight, Canada will, effective 12:01 a.m. EST tomorrow, respond with 25 per cent tariffs against $155 billion of American goods – starting with tariffs on $30 billion worth of goods immediately, and tariffs on the remaining $125 billion on American products in 21 days’ time."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/03/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-proceeds-with-tariffs-on-imports-from-canada-and-mexico/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-03-03",
          "quote": "President Donald J. Trump is proceeding with implementing tariffs on Canada and Mexico under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to combat the extraordinary threat to U.S. national security, including our public health posed by unchecked drug trafficking."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "tsmc-arizona-fabs",
      "id": 29,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/tsmc-arizona-fabs#n29",
      "date": "2025-03-04",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "TSMC adds US$100 billion for three more fabs, two packaging plants and an R&D center: US$165 billion total",
      "summary": "Announced at the White House with President Trump, the expansion took TSMC's planned U.S. investment\nfrom US$65 billion to US$165 billion, covering three additional fabs, two advanced packaging facilities\nand a major R&D team center in Arizona.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
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        "C.C. Wei",
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
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        "cc-wei",
        "donald-trump"
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      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/3210",
          "outlet": "TSMC Newsroom",
          "published": "2025-03-04",
          "quote": "The expansion includes plans for three new fabrication plants, two advanced packaging facilities and a major R&D team center."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 829,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n829",
      "date": "2025-02-03",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "A 30-day pause after Trudeau promises a fentanyl czar and a C$1.3 billion border plan",
      "summary": "Hours after pausing the Mexico tariffs, Trump paused Canada's for 30 days. Trudeau said Canada would appoint a fentanyl czar, list cartels as terrorist organizations and put nearly 10,000 personnel on the border under a C$1.3 billion plan announced in December; Trump called it an initial outcome to see whether a final economic deal could be structured.",
      "type": "delay",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Justin Trudeau"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "justin-trudeau"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/02/03/trump-canada-tariffs-trudeau.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-02-03",
          "quote": "President Donald Trump on Monday agreed to pause the implementation of planned U.S. tariffs on imports from Canada for at least 30 days, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/02/03/trump-canada-tariffs-trudeau.html",
          "outlet": "CNBC",
          "published": "2025-02-03",
          "quote": "Trudeau said Canada had made new commitments \"to appoint a Fentanyl Czar.\""
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 828,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n828",
      "date": "2025-02-01",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump signs the IEEPA order: 25 percent on Canada, 10 percent on energy; Trudeau answers with C$155 billion",
      "summary": "Using the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and a declared fentanyl emergency, Trump ordered a 25 percent tariff on Canadian goods with a 10 percent rate for energy, to take effect February 4. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced 25 percent counter-tariffs on C$155 billion of American goods: C$30 billion immediately and C$125 billion after 21 days.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "Justin Trudeau"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "justin-trudeau"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/02/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-imposes-tariffs-on-imports-from-canada-mexico-and-china/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-02-01",
          "quote": "Until the crisis is alleviated, President Donald J. Trump is implementing a 25% additional tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico and a 10% additional tariff on imports from China. Energy resources from Canada will have a lower 10% tariff."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/01/politics/mexico-canada-china-tariffs-trump/index.html",
          "outlet": "CNN",
          "published": "2025-02-01",
          "quote": "“This will include immediate tariffs on $30 billion worth of goods as of Tuesday, followed by further tariffs on $125 billion of American products in 21 days’ time, to allow Canadian companies and supply chains to seek to find alternatives.”"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation",
      "id": 338,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n338",
      "date": "2025-02-01",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "Trump invokes IEEPA for the first tariffs: 10% on China, 25% on Canada and Mexico over fentanyl",
      "summary": "Three executive orders signed on February 1, 2025 used the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, a 1977 sanctions statute never before used for tariffs, to impose duties on the three largest U.S. trading partners, citing fentanyl trafficking and migration as a national emergency. The China order took effect February 4; the Canada and Mexico duties were paused for a month and then imposed in March. These trafficking tariffs became one of the two sets of IEEPA duties later struck down.",
      "type": "regulatory",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump",
        "IEEPA",
        "U.S. Customs and Border Protection"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump",
        "ieepa",
        "us-customs-and-border-protection"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/07/2025-02408/imposing-duties-to-address-the-synthetic-opioid-supply-chain-in-the-peoples-republic-of-china",
          "outlet": "Federal Register",
          "published": "2025-02-07",
          "quote": "This national emergency requires decisive and immediate action, and I have decided to impose, consistent with law, ad valorem tariffs on articles that are products of the PRC as set forth in this order."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "timeline": "us-canada-trade-war",
      "id": 827,
      "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-canada-trade-war#n827",
      "date": "2024-11-25",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "title": "President-elect Trump vows a 25 percent tariff on everything from Canada and Mexico",
      "summary": "Three weeks after the election, Trump posted on Truth Social that one of his first-day executive orders would put a 25 percent tariff on all products from Canada and Mexico, to stay in place until the two countries stopped drugs, especially fentanyl, and migrants crossing into the United States. It was the opening move of a trade war with a partner that had a free-trade agreement Trump himself had signed in 2018.",
      "type": "announcement",
      "entities": [
        "Donald Trump"
      ],
      "parties": [
        "donald-trump"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/02/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-imposes-tariffs-on-imports-from-canada-mexico-and-china/",
          "outlet": "The White House",
          "published": "2025-02-01",
          "quote": "President Trump promised in November to “sign all necessary documents to charge Mexico and Canada a 25% Tariff on ALL products coming into the United States, and its ridiculous Open Borders.”"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://globalnews.ca/news/10887991/trump-25-per-cent-tariff-canada-mexico/",
          "outlet": "Global News (The Canadian Press)",
          "published": "2024-11-25",
          "quote": "Donald Trump says he will sign an executive order imposing a 25 per cent tariff on all products arriving in the United States from Canada and Mexico. The president-elect posted to Truth Social on Monday that the duties will be among his actions on his first day back in the White House on Jan. 20 —Inauguration Day."
        }
      ]
    }
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