{ "data_version": "1", "schema": "https://whatledto.com/data", "id": "court-of-international-trade", "name": "Court of International Trade", "kind": "regulator", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/court-of-international-trade", "description": "The federal court where tariff refund claims are filed.", "same_as": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" ], "timelines": [ { "slug": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "title": "IEEPA Tariff Refunds: From the Supreme Court Ruling to the Console Lawsuits", "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation", "json": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation.json", "role": "First court to strike the tariffs; now runs the refund docket under Judge Richard Eaton.", "entries": 12, "updated_at": "2026-10-14T04:35:35.915350+00:00" } ], "entries": [ { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 2061, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n2061", "date": "2026-10-08", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Trade court certifies Freestyle World IEEPA refund class", "summary": "The Court of International Trade certified Freestyle World's proposed class under USCIT Rule 23(b)(2). The class covers importers of record that paid challenged duties from February 1, 2025 through February 19, 2026 and did not separately sue for refunds.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Freestyle World, Inc.", "United States", "Court of International Trade" ], "parties": [ "freestyle-world-inc", "united-states", "court-of-international-trade" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/sites/cit/files/26-123.pdf", "outlet": "U.S. Court of International Trade", "published": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For the reasons that follow, the \ncourt grants Freestyle’s motion and certifies the proposed class pursuant to USCIT Rule 23(b)(2)." }, { "url": "https://www.internationaltradeinsights.com/2026/10/ieepa-refund-class-action-suit-to-move-forward/", "outlet": "Husch Blackwell", "published": "2026-10-09", "quote": "On October 8, 2026, the U.S. Court of International Trade (“CIT”) [granted](https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/sites/cit/files/26-123.pdf) Plaintiff Freestyle World, Inc.’s (“Freestyle World”) motion for class certification and appointment of class counsel." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 2057, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n2057", "date": "2026-10-06", "date_precision": "day", "title": "CBP deploys CAPE Phase 3 for eligible refund plaintiffs", "summary": "U.S. Customs and Border Protection deployed CAPE Phase 3 for plaintiffs in more than 4,000 cases in which the court had entered an order. Phase 3 permits those plaintiffs to file CAPE declarations for finally liquidated entries.", "type": "regulatory", "entities": [ "U.S. Customs and Border Protection", "Court of International Trade", "CAPE" ], "parties": [ "us-customs-and-border-protection", "court-of-international-trade", "cape" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/sites/cit/files/26-123.pdf", "outlet": "U.S. Court of International Trade", "published": "2026-10-08", "quote": "On October 6, 2026, Customs deployed CAPE Phase 3, which permits the plaintiffs in \nthe more than 4,000 cases where the court’s order has been entered to file a CAPE declaration." }, { "url": "https://www.manufacturersalliance.org/newsroom/few-manufacturers-are-getting-full-ieepa-tariff-refunds", "outlet": "Manufacturers Alliance", "published": "2026-10-07", "quote": "Phase 3, which covers finally liquidated entries and opens October 6, is currently limited to plaintiffs for whom the Court of International Trade (CIT) has ordered reliquidation." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 1444, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n1444", "date": "2026-09-17", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Judge Eaton orders CAPE progress report by October 6", "summary": "Court of International Trade Judge Richard Eaton ordered the government to submit an additional CAPE progress report by 5:00 p.m. EST on October 6, 2026. The deadline was set in a September 17 order.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Court of International Trade", "Judge Richard Eaton", "CAPE" ], "parties": [ "court-of-international-trade", "judge-richard-eaton", "cape" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://geodis.com/us-en/phase-3-cbps-cape-system-due-launch-october-6-2026", "outlet": "GEODIS", "published": null, "quote": "“According to a September 17 order from Court of International Trade Judge Richard Eaton, the government is required to submit an additional progress report on the CAPE system by October 6 at 5 p.m. EST.”" } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 1443, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n1443", "date": "2026-09-15", "date_precision": "day", "title": "CBP sets CAPE Phase 3 deployment for October 6", "summary": "U.S. Customs and Border Protection notified the Court of International Trade that CAPE Phase 3 would deploy on October 6, 2026. Plaintiffs that submitted a valid importer-of-record number to CBP by July 30, 2026, would be eligible to file Phase 3 declarations beginning on that date.", "type": "announcement", "entities": [ "U.S. Customs and Border Protection", "Court of International Trade", "CAPE" ], "parties": [ "us-customs-and-border-protection", "court-of-international-trade", "cape" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.internationaltradeinsights.com/2026/09/cbp-states-cape-phase-3-will-deploy-on-october-6-2026/", "outlet": "International Trade & Supply Chain Insights / Husch Blackwell", "published": "2026-09-16", "quote": "“U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has notified the Court of International Trade (CIT) that Phase 3 of its Consolidated Administration and Processing of Entries (CAPE) will deploy on October 6, 2026.”" }, { "url": "https://geodis.com/us-en/phase-3-cbps-cape-system-due-launch-october-6-2026", "outlet": "GEODIS", "published": null, "quote": "“Beginning October 6, 2026, plaintiffs who submitted a valid importer of record number to CBP by July 30, 2026, will be eligible to file CAPE declarations for Phase 3.”" } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 368, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n368", "date": "2026-07-15", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Trade court authorizes CAPE path for older plaintiffs' entries", "summary": "The Court of International Trade ordered CBP to reliquidate plaintiffs' entries that had been liquidated for more than 80 days without regard to IEEPA duties. The order applied after CBP accepted a plaintiff's CAPE declaration.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Court of International Trade", "U.S. Customs and Border Protection", "Richard K. Eaton" ], "parties": [ "court-of-international-trade", "us-customs-and-border-protection", "richard-k-eaton" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cit.17092/gov.uscourts.cit.17092.25.0.pdf", "outlet": "U.S. Court of International Trade, In re Tariffs Collected in Reliance on IEEPA", "published": "2026-07-15", "quote": "U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall reliquidate, without regard to IEEPA duties, any and all of Plaintiffs’ entries that have been liquidated for more than 80 days." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 367, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n367", "date": "2026-07-10", "date_precision": "day", "title": "CBP sends $86.3 billion in refunds to Treasury", "summary": "CBP had sent approximately $86.3 billion in refunds to the Department of the Treasury for disbursement. The Court of International Trade recited that status in its July 15 order.", "type": "financial", "entities": [ "U.S. Customs and Border Protection", "U.S. Department of the Treasury", "CAPE", "Court of International Trade" ], "parties": [ "us-customs-and-border-protection", "us-department-of-the-treasury", "cape", "court-of-international-trade" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cit.17092/gov.uscourts.cit.17092.25.0.pdf", "outlet": "U.S. Court of International Trade, In re Tariffs Collected in Reliance on IEEPA", "published": "2026-07-15", "quote": "To date, approximately $86.3 billion in refunds have been sent to the U.S. Department of Treasury for disbursement." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 349, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n349", "date": "2026-05-07", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Trade court strikes down the Section 122 surcharge; Federal Circuit stays the ruling five days later", "summary": "In Oregon v. United States and Burlap and Barrel v. United States the Court of International Trade held Proclamation 11012 invalid because trade and current-account deficits are not the balance-of-payments deficits Section 122 was written for. Relief was limited to the plaintiffs, the State of Washington, Burlap and Barrel and toymaker Basic Fun, and on May 12 the Federal Circuit issued an administrative stay, so collection of the 10% surcharge continued while the appeal proceeded.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Court of International Trade", "Section 122", "Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit" ], "parties": [ "court-of-international-trade", "section-122", "court-of-appeals-for-the-federal-circuit" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.wardandsmith.com/article/court-of-international-trade-rejects-10-section-122-tariff-what-businesses-should-know-while-the-appeal-proceeds", "outlet": "Ward and Smith", "published": "2026-05-13", "quote": "On May 7, 2026, the U.S. Court of International Trade held that Proclamation 11012, which imposed a temporary 10% import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, was invalid because the proclamation did not identify the type of “balance-of-payments deficits” required by the statute." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 357, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n357", "date": "2026-04-17", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Trade court orders final entries reliquidated without IEEPA duties", "summary": "The Court of International Trade ordered that finally liquidated entries be reliquidated without regard to IEEPA duties. The order concerned entries for which liquidation was final.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Court of International Trade", "U.S. Customs and Border Protection", "V.O.S. Selections", "Richard K. Eaton" ], "parties": [ "court-of-international-trade", "us-customs-and-border-protection", "vos-selections", "richard-k-eaton" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cit.17080/gov.uscourts.cit.17080.82.0.pdf", "outlet": "U.S. Court of International Trade, V.O.S. Selections", "published": "2026-04-17", "quote": "Any liquidated entries for which liquidation is final shall be reliquidated without regard to the IEEPA duties." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 346, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n346", "date": "2026-03-06", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Nintendo sues the U.S. government at the trade court for a refund of its IEEPA duties with interest", "summary": "Nintendo of America filed at the Court of International Trade seeking every IEEPA duty it had paid, with interest and fees, joining more than a thousand companies that had already sued. Its complaint put total IEEPA collections above $200 billion. The tariffs had pushed console makers to raise prices in 2025, which is what later turned the refunds into consumer class actions.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Nintendo", "Court of International Trade" ], "parties": [ "nintendo", "court-of-international-trade" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/03/06/nintendo-sues-the-u-s-government-for-a-refund-on-tariffs/", "outlet": "TechCrunch", "published": "2026-03-06", "quote": "Nintendo filed a lawsuit against the U.S. government on Friday over its extraction of tariffs from global businesses." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 345, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n345", "date": "2026-03-04", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Trade court orders CBP to refund IEEPA duties to every importer, not just those who sued", "summary": "Judge Richard Eaton of the Court of International Trade, in a case brought by importer Atmus Filtration, ordered Customs to liquidate unliquidated entries without IEEPA duties and to reliquidate entries whose liquidation was not yet final, and held that the relief reaches all importers because the trade court's exclusive nationwide jurisdiction is not subject to the limits on universal injunctions in Trump v. CASA. The government, which had argued that only the 2,000-plus companies with claims on file should be refunded, was denied a stay and said it would appeal.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Court of International Trade", "Richard K. Eaton", "U.S. Customs and Border Protection" ], "parties": [ "court-of-international-trade", "richard-k-eaton", "us-customs-and-border-protection" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2026/03/court-of-international-trade-orders-nationwide-tariff-refunds", "outlet": "Holland & Knight", "published": "2026-03-06", "quote": "Most notably, the CIT stated that its Refund Order applies to all importers, not only those that filed lawsuits." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 340, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n340", "date": "2025-05-28", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Court of International Trade rules the IEEPA tariffs unlawful in V.O.S. Selections and the states' case", "summary": "A three-judge panel granted summary judgment to five small importers led by V.O.S. Selections, represented by the Liberty Justice Center, and to twelve states led by Oregon, holding that IEEPA's power to regulate importation does not confer unbounded tariff authority and that the trafficking tariffs did not deal with the emergencies declared. The court set aside both sets of tariffs and enjoined them nationwide. The Federal Circuit stayed the judgment the next day while the government appealed.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "Court of International Trade", "V.O.S. Selections", "State of Oregon", "Liberty Justice Center" ], "parties": [ "court-of-international-trade", "vos-selections", "state-of-oregon", "liberty-justice-center" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/sites/cit/files/25-66.pdf", "outlet": "Court of International Trade", "published": "2025-05-28", "quote": "The court does not read IEEPA to confer such unbounded authority and sets aside the challenged tariffs imposed thereunder." }, { "url": "https://www.doj.state.or.us/oregon-department-of-justice/federal-oversight/federal-litigation-tracker/tariffs-oregon-v-trump-u-s-court-of-international-trade-125-cv-00077/", "outlet": "Oregon Department of Justice", "published": "2025-05-29", "quote": "On 5/29/25, the Federal Circuit issued an administrative stay order, temporarily pausing the injunction to allow the court to review the government’s stay motion." } ] }, { "timeline": "us-tariff-refund-litigation", "id": 354, "url": "https://whatledto.com/events/us-tariff-refund-litigation#n354", "date": "2025-04-23", "date_precision": "day", "title": "Oregon and allied states file IEEPA tariff challenge", "summary": "Oregon and allied states filed a complaint in Oregon v. Trump at the Court of International Trade. The case challenged executive orders increasing tariffs under IEEPA.", "type": "legal", "entities": [ "State of Oregon", "Court of International Trade", "Donald Trump" ], "parties": [ "state-of-oregon", "court-of-international-trade", "donald-trump" ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.doj.state.or.us/oregon-department-of-justice/federal-oversight/federal-litigation-tracker/tariffs-oregon-v-trump-u-s-court-of-international-trade-125-cv-00077/", "outlet": "Oregon Department of Justice", "published": "2025-04-23", "quote": "On 4/23/25, the plaintiff filed their complaint." } ] } ], "often_with": [ { "id": "apple", "name": "Apple", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/apple", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/apple.json", "shared_timelines": 1 }, { "id": "microsoft", "name": "Microsoft", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/microsoft", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/microsoft.json", "shared_timelines": 1 }, { "id": "donald-trump", "name": "Donald Trump", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/donald-trump", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/donald-trump.json", "shared_timelines": 1 }, { "id": "us-department-of-the-treasury", "name": "U.S. Department of the Treasury", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/us-department-of-the-treasury", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/us-department-of-the-treasury.json", "shared_timelines": 1 }, { "id": "office-of-management-and-budget", "name": "Office of Management and Budget", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/office-of-management-and-budget", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/office-of-management-and-budget.json", "shared_timelines": 1 }, { "id": "sony", "name": "Sony", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/sony", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/sony.json", "shared_timelines": 1 }, { "id": "united-states", "name": "United States", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/united-states", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/united-states.json", "shared_timelines": 1 }, { "id": "john-roberts", "name": "John Roberts", "url": "https://whatledto.com/who/john-roberts", "json": "https://whatledto.com/who/john-roberts.json", "shared_timelines": 1 } ], "license": { "holder": "What Led To", "terms": "https://whatledto.com/methodology#reuse", "summary": "Quote entries with attribution and a link to the entry; do not republish whole timelines or train models on the text." } }